A new Zelotes record from Turkey (Araneae: Gnaphosidae).
Lourenço, W.R. pp. 77-86.
Taxonomic notes on genus Synaphosus Platnick & Shadab, 1980 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) in Turkey.
Predation of a large orb-web spider by a crab spider, Thomisus labefactus (Araenae: Thomisidae).
Notes on Segestria florentina (Rossi, 1790) and family Segestriidae in Egypt (Araneae: Segestriidae).
Part 3, November 2020
Sadine, S.E. pp. 171-175.
New locality of Orthochirus innesi Simon, 1910 in Algeria (Scorpiones: Buthidae).
This note concerns a small scorpion and a little-known buthid species Orthochirus innesi Simon, 1910. According to the last work about scorpions of Algeria in 2018, this species is located in Algerian Septentrional Sahara at the East of Algeria. This finding provides a new locality of O. innsi outside this geographical distribution range, of which it is extended about 200 km to the central of Algeria (Ghardaïa). This new locality is a palm groves of Zelfana, confirming that O. innesi from Algeria has an affinity to shady and humid area.
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Abidi, H., Sadine, S.E. & Houhamdi, M. pp. 176-182.
Description of the female of Buthus aures Lourenço & Sadine, 2016 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), with its current distribution in East Algeria.
Buthus aures Lourenço & Sadine, 2016 was described from the type locality Batna (North-East Algeria) based on two male specimens. This note presents the description of a female recently collected from Tebessa region, situated at 220 km east form the type locality and a morphological comparison between this species and the other Buthus species distributed in the north-east of Algeria and Tunisia. Among the important results in this work is the expansion of the geographical distribution of B. aures to reach the neighbouring regions such as Khenchla and Tebessa. Some ecological remarks of B. aures are also included.
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Yağmur, E.A., Hadjiconstantis, M. & Gücel, S. pp. 183-187.
New localities for Aegaeobuthus cyprius (Gantenbein & Kropf, 2000) in Cyprus (Scorpiones: Buthidae).
In this work, new locality records for the species Aegaeobuthus cyprius (Gantenbein & Kropf, 2000) are given in Cyprus.
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Noguchi, D. pp. 188-193.
A hornet is fed upon by a spider, Argiope amoena (Araneae: Araneidae).
I report herein an observational case that Argiope amoena, a common large orb-weaving spider representative in Japan, preyed on a yellow-vented hornet Vespa analis insularis with wrapping. It was previously reported that about half of the diets foraged by A. amoena are composed of Hymenoptera mainly honeybees and ants (Formicidae gen. sp.). However, to my knowledge, the cases that a hornet of Vespa sp., the largest of the eusocial wasps and known as a predator of insects and spiders, is fed upon by A. amoena, are rarely documented in scientific literature; by contrast, some cases, vespine hornets attack Argiope spiders and steal the prey items from the web of argiopids, have been reported. The present study shows that A. amoena is not only a prey fed upon by the vespid but also one of the natural enemies of the yellow jacket such as V. analis.
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Parmar, B.M. pp. 194-200.
The diversity of spiders from the vicinity of Dharoi Reservoir, North Gujarat, India.
The present study of spiders was conducted in 2016 to 2018 around five sites of Dharoi Reservoir, North Gujarat. The study was planned to determine the spider diversity at various habitats like Natural forest, Grassland, Hilly area, and agriculture area. A total of 981 samples were collected using various methods like line transects, visual searching, vegetation beating, sweep netting, beating sheets, aerial hand collection, ground hand collection, and hand-picking, etc. Out of a total of 142 species of spiders belonging to 86 genera and 25 families were recorded. Most numerical dominant families were Araneidae and Salticidae followed by Thomisidae, Tetragnathidae, Sparassidae, and other families that contribute less than 5% in total recorded spiders. This region has detected more than 43% of Indian spiders families. The result of this study pointed out the high conservation importance of natural forest for the existence of spiders' fauna.
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Kashmeera, N.A., Drisya - Mohan, O.M. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 201-206.
Spiders of rocky desert in Kailana, Rajasthan, India.
The Thar Desert constitutes a unique ecosystem in Indian subcontinent characterized by low rainfall, dryness, and extreme temperature. Ecologically, natural habitats in the Thar Desert can be classified as sandy, gravelly, and rocky. These arid rocky regions of the Thar Desert are totally unexplored in arachnological point of view. This study is a pioneering attempt to document the diversity of spider fauna of Kailana, Rajasthan which is a part of rocky desert. Spiders were collected for two years (December 2016-December 2018) using several methods: hand picking, aspiration, beating net, and litter sampling techniques. A total of 59 species of spiders belonging to 12 families under 30 genera were recorded during the study. Twelve species are new records from Rajasthan. The most diverse family collected was Araneidae followed by Salticidae. Guild structure analysis of collected spiders revealed six feeding guilds viz., stalkers, sheet-web builders, orb weavers, ground runners, foliage runners, and ambushers.
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Pratihar, S., Dandapat, C. & Das, S.K. pp. 207-212.
A new species of genus Idiops Perty, 1833 from West Bengal, India (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae).
A new species of the trapdoor spider genus Idiops Perty, Idiops medini Pratihar & Das sp. nov. is described here from West Bengal, India based on a female specimen. Natural history information and type locality map of the new species are provided.
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Koç, H., Sancak, Z. & Etirli, E. pp. 213-215.
A new record for the spider fauna of Turkey: Hypomma cornutum (Blackwall, 1833) (Araneae: Linyphiidae).
In this short paper, the characteristic features and photographs of Hypomma cornutum (Blackwall, 1833) from Turkey are presented. It is a new record from Turkey. This increases the total number of Linyphiidae recorded in Turkey to 117 species.
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Sancak, Z., Koç, H. & Etirli, E. pp. 216-220.
Three new records of spider genera from Turkey (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Cybaeidae).
In this short paper, the characteristic features and photographs of Minicia marginella (Wider, 1834) and Trichoncus hackmani Millidge, 1955 of family Linyphiidae and Tuberta maerens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1863) of family Cybaeidae are presented as new records of both genera and species from Turkey. This increases the total number of Linyphiidae recorded in Turkey to 119 species in 70 genera and Cybaeidae to 5 species in 4 genera.
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Seyyar, O., Kılınç, H. & Demir, H. pp. 221-226.
The spider fauna of AladaÄŸ District (Adana) in southern Anatolia, Turkey.
This study was done in Aladağ district in Adana Province in south of Turkey. Spiders were collected from field using aspirator, sweeping net, and pitfall traps in the study area during two years, beginning from April 2017 to July 2019. As a result of identification of these specimens, a total of 91 spider species belonging to 74 genera in 24 families were recorded from the study area. All specimens were labelled and preserved as museum material in Arachnology Museum of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University.
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Demir, H. & Seyyar, O. pp. 227-229.
A new record of Ozyptila lugubris (Kroneberg, 1875) (Araneae: Thomisidae) from Turkey.
Ozyptila lugubris (Kroneberg, 1875) is recorded for the first time from Turkey on the basis of a male specimen collected from Kelkit Valley. This species can be easily distinguished from other Turkish congeners by the shape of male palp.
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Mamay, M., Özgen, İ., Danışman, T. & Sabuncu, Y. pp. 230-236.
Overwintering spider biodiversity in pistachio orchards of the Euphrates Valley in Turkey (Arachnida: Araneae).
This study aimed to determine the overwintering spider (Arachnida: Araneae) fauna by artificial overwintering shelters in five pistachio orchards of the Euphrates Valley in Şanlıurfa Province of Turkey during 2017-2018 winter periods. For this purpose; five pistachio orchards from different locations were selected in the Euphrates Valley and artificial overwintering habitats were designed on ten trees in each orchard. As a result of the study, a total of 20 species belonging to 20 genera and 11 families of order Araneae were determined in those artificial overwintering shelters.
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Coşar, İ. & Danışman, T. pp. 237-239.
First record of Phrurolithus thracia Komnenov & Chatzaki, 2016 (Araneae:
Phrurolithus thracia Komnenov & Chatzaki, 2016 is recorded from Turkey for the first time. Its characteristic features and photographs are presented. With this record the number of species belonging to genus Phrurolithus increased to 3 in Turkey.
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Singh, R., Singh, G. & Sharma, A. pp. 240-251.
Faunal diversity of Hahniidae, Hersiliidae and Homalonychidae (Arachnida: Araneae: Araneomorphae) in India.
The present article deals with the faunal diversity of three families of araeneomorph spiders, viz. Hahniidae, Hersiliidae and Homalonychidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in different Indian states and union territories. None of the spider species of these families is recorded from Arunchal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh, Mizoram, and Nagaland. Among these, the largest family is Hersiliidae which is represented by 14 species in 3 genera. Other families are very poorly represented in India. A single species in Homalonychidae and 5 species in Hahniidae are recorded. Only one species, Hersilia savignyi Lucas, 1836 is distributed almost throughout the country except Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh and Himachal Pradesh in north, and Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura in northeast. Maximum number of spider species of these families were recorded in Kerala (9 species) followed by Tamil Nadu (7 species), Gujarat (6 species), Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal (5 species each), and Karnataka, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh (4 species each) and less number in other states and union territories. Out of 19 species recorded of these 3 families, 11 species are endemic and 2 species seem to be erroneous records.
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Jose, A., Edamana, P. & Ambalaparambil, S. pp. 252-259.
Diversity and population fluctuation of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) of Calicut University campus, Kerala, India.
Salticidae, also known as jumping spiders, is the largest spider family. They are strongly influenced by habitat type. Here we describe the diversity and seasonal variation of jumping spider fauna of Calicut University campus, which spread over 500 acres. This study was conducted for ten months and spiders were collected by hand picking method and beating method. A total of 46 species of jumping spiders coming under 33 genera were collected. A taxonomically complete inventory of species, with good taxonomic resolution, is an advantageous feature that can be used in the analysis of species diversity and has great potential in setting conservation priorities, and support for environmental monitoring. Besides, this taxonomic information can be used to measure β-diversity, based on taxonomic dissimilarity coefficients for presence/absence data, regardless of the sampling effort. In this way, checklist or faunistic studies demonstrate a clear connection between basic taxonomy and biodiversity issues; and, as in other fields, these inventories provide an important source of quantitative compiled information concerning species diversity of several regions.
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Topçu, A. & Demircan-Aksan, N. pp. 260-263.
A new species of the
genus Synageles Simon, 1876 from
Turkey (Araneae: Salticidae).
A new species of the genus Synageles Simon, 1876, Synageles karaman sp. n., is described from the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey on the basis of a male. Differences between the new species and related species are discussed. A morphological description and diagnosis are presented together with figures of the habitus and copulatory organ.
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Kaya, R.S.,
Yağmur, E.A., Özkütük, R.S. & Kunt, K.B. pp. 264-269.
New distribution
records of Zangherella apuliae (Caporiacco,
1949) from Turkey (Araneae: Anapidae).
New distribution records and additional information for Zangherella apuliae (Caporiacco, 1949), the only known species of Anapidae in Turkey, are presented.
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Sharma, A., Singh, R. & Singh, G. pp. 270-283.
Faunal diversity of Liocranidae, Mimetidae,
Miturgidae, Nesticidae and Oecobiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of India.
The present article deals with the faunal diversity of five families of araeneomorph spiders, viz. Liocranidae, Mimetidae, Miturgidae, Nesticidae, and Oecobiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in different Indian states and union territories. None of the spider species of these families is recorded from Assam, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Ladakh, Lakshdweep, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, Telangana, and Tripura. Among these, the largest family is Liocranidae which is represented by 30 species belonging to 5 genera, out of which 28 are endemic. Other families are very poorly represented in India. Single species was recorded both in Miturgidae and Nesticidae, 3 species in Mimetidae and 7 species in Oecobiidae are recorded. Only two species, Oedignatha scrobiculata Thorell, 1881 and Oecobius putus Pickard-Cambridge, 1876 are widely distributed. Maximum number of spider species of these families were recorded in Tamil Nadu (16 species) followed by Kerala (11 species), Maharashtra (10 species), Gujarata (8 species), Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal and Uttarakhand (6 species each), and Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka (4 species each) and less number in other states and union territories. Out of 42 species recorded of these 5 families, 34 species are endemic and one species seem to be erroneous record.
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Akbari, A., YaÄŸmur, E.A., Moradi, M. & Jafari,
N. pp. 284-305.
Contributions to the
scorpion fauna of Iran. Part I. Records of Genus Hottentotta
Birula, 1908 (Arachnida: Scorpiones: Buthidae).
New distribution records are given herein for six Hottentotta species in Iran. They belong to Hottentotta jayakari (Pocock, 1895) (Hormozgan province), H. juliae KovaÅ™Ãk, YaÄŸmur & Fet, 2019 (Fars province), H. navidpouri KovaÅ™Ãk, YaÄŸmur & Moradi, 2018 (Bushehr, Fars, Hormozgan, Khuzestan provinces), H. saulcyi (Simon, 1880) (Ilam, Kermanshah, Khuzestan, Lorestan provinces), H. schach (Birula, 1905) (Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces) and H. zagrosensis KovaÅ™Ãk, 1997 (Khuzestan province). Among these records, Bushehr, Fars and Khuzestan records are the first for H. navidpouri. Prepared maps show new and old distributional localities that belong to all known species of Hottentotta in Iran.
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El-Hennawy, H.K., Sallam, G.M.E., Abd El-Azim, N.A.I. & Abul Fadl, H.A.A. pp. 306-313.
The first record of Zelotes tragicus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) in Egypt.
The gnaphosid spider species Zelotes tragicus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) is recorded for the first time from Egypt. Its general habitus and genitalia are illustrated. Description and collecting data of this species are also given.
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El-Hennawy, H.K. pp. 314-323.
Segestria florentina (Rossi, 1790) in Jordan (Araneae: Segestriidae), with a list of the known records of spiders from Jordan.
Family Segestriidae is recorded here for the first time from Jordan with both genus Segestria and the species Segestria florentina (Rossi, 1790). The available material is only one male found in Petra, south of Jordan in October 1984. Its illustrations and measurements are presented.
The records of spider species in Jordan are sporadic and there is no list of species until now. Therefore, the available records of spider species of Jordan are here collected with their references and localities. The list includes 13 Families, 24 genera, and 28 species of spiders in Jordan.
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Lourenço, W.R. & El-Hennawy, H.K. pp. 325-334.
New considerations on the Leiurus Ehrenberg (Scorpiones: Buthidae) distributed in Africa and description of a particular species from Egypt.
One more new species is described for the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg from Africa. The description is based on one juvenile female collected in the region NE of Maghra, east of the Qattara Depression, Egypt. Although some affinities may be suggested with L. quinquestriatus and L. hebraeus, species distributed in Egypt and Israel, several characteristics attest however that this population is certainly distinct. The type locality of the new species corresponds to a very poorly prospected zone in Egypt and further studies in the area should provide new material confirming the present decision.
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Lourenço, W.R. & Ythier, E. pp. 335-349.
A particular new species of Orthochirus Karsch, 1891 from Somalia (Scorpiones: Buthidae).
A new species of buthid scorpion, Orthochirus arenicola sp. n. is described from the coasts of Somalia. The scorpion was collected on the beach sand under bush-like herbaceous vegetation by our late Italian colleague Professor P. M. Brignoli.
New considerations are also proposed for other related taxa. Orthochirus afar KovaÅ™Ãk & Lowe, 2016 described from Afar, Ethiopia is suggested to be a synonym of Orthochirus aristidis (Simon, 1882); no final decision is taken however face to the impossibility of consulting the types of Orthochirus afar. Orthochirus aristidis is restored from its synonymy with Orthochirus olivaceus (Karsch, 1881). Finally, the genus Orthochiroides KovaÅ™Ãk, 1998 is placed as a junior synonym of Orthochirus Karsch, 1891.
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Koç, H. & Erdek, M. pp. 350-359.
Gylippus (Paragylippus) arikani sp. nov. (Solifugae: Gylippidae: Gylippinae) from Turkey with comparative remarks on the species of the subgenus Gylippus (Paragylippus) Roewer.
A new species, Gylippus (Paragylippus) arikani sp. nov., (Solifugae, Gylippidae, Gylippinae) is described from Manisa and Ä°zmir Provinces, Turkey. Cheliceral morphology and other characteristics of Gylippinae are discussed. Differences between the new species and related species are provided.
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Sherwood, D. & Menegon, M. pp. 360-362.
A new distribution record for Encyocratella olivacea Strand, 1907 from Tanzania (Araneae: Theraphosidae).
A specimen of the Tanzanian endemic stromatopelmine Encyocratella olivacea Strand, 1907 observed in the Nguru mountains by the second author is detailed and illustrated, representing a novel and southernmost distribution record for this remarkable theraphosid spider.
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Novruzov, N.E. pp. 363-369.
On the biotopic distribution of spiders (Aranei) in the foothill of the southeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus.
The biotopic distribution of spiders in the foothill part of the southeastern slope of the Greater Caucasian Ridge has been studied. The census of the number and determination of the species composition of the araneofauna was carried out, with the establishment of the degree of dominance of each of the species in biotopes differing in the type of soil, relief of the earth's surface, and the abundance of vegetation cover. In total, 68 species of spiders belonging to 14 families were noted during the research. The revealed eudominant, dominant, and subdominant groups of species were noted in areas of biotopes with typical microstacial conditions. The degree of dominance of species in each of the biotopes is presumably related to the presence of microstations in them, which create the possibility of a wide choice of microbiotic conditions.
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Singh, G. & Singh, R. pp. 370-393.
Faunal distribution of spiders of the families Titanoecidae, Trachelidae, Trochanteriidae, Uloboridae and Zodariidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in India.
The present article deals with the faunal diversity of five families of araeneomorph spiders, viz. Titanoecidae, Trachelidae, Trochanteriidae, Uloboridae, and Zodariidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in different Indian states and union territories. None of the spider species of these families is recorded from Bihar, Daman & Diu and Dadar & Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Jharkhand, Manipur, Nagaland, Punjab, and Telangana. Among these, the largest family is Zodariidae which is represented by 32 species belonging to 12 genera out of which majority (29 species) are endemic followed by Uloboridae which comprises 30 species placed in 5 genera. Other families are very poorly represented in India. Only 5 species of a single genus, Plator Simon, 1880 are recorded in Trochanteriidae; 8 species in 3 genera in Trachelidae and 10 species in 3 genera in Titanoecidae are recorded. Only two species, Uloborus danolius Tikader, 1969 and Zosis geniculata (Olivier, 1789) are distributed in 15 and 14 states and union territories of India, respectively. Maximum number of spider species of these families were recorded in Maharashtra (28 species) followed by Kerala (23 species), Tamil Nadu (19), Gujarat (16 species), West Bengal (12 species), Karnataka (11 species), Uttarakhand (9 species) and lesser number in other states and union territories. Out of 84 species recorded of these 5 families, 67 species are endemic and 3 species seem to be erroneous records.
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Gajbe, P.U. pp. 394-399.
Orb-Web spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Maharashtra State, India.
Orb web spiders, a familiar feature of terrestrial ecosystems, are much admired for their intricate spiral wheel-shaped webs. Maharashtra is a State occupying the Central and Western regions of India. A checklist of the orb web spiders of Maharashtra has been prepared, which consists of 73 species in 24 genera of two families, Araneidae and Tetragnathidae. Of these, 61 species in 19 genera belong to family Araneidae and 12 species in 5 genera belong to family Tetragnathidae.
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Parmar, B.M. pp. 400-405.
Spider fauna of some wetlands of Visnagar (Gujarat, India).
This study documents the diversity of spider fauna from the wetlands of Visnagar Taluka, which fall under the Mahesana District, Gujarat. The survey of spiders was done from 2016 to 2018, using a combination of collecting methods. A total of 97 species and 62 genera of 16 families were identified. Araneidae and Salticidae were the most numerical dominant families through followed by Thomisidae, Lycosidae, and Oxyopidae. Wetland Spiders of Visnagar were demonstrating a total of 26.67% of the total families documented in India.
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Abhijith, R.S., Sheeba, P. &
Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 406-412.
Synonymization of Pardosa mysorensis (Tikader & Mukerji, 1971) with Pardosa sumatrana (Thorell, 1890).
Pardosa is the largest genus in family Lycosidae. Many of the members in this family and genus show morphological similarity and intra-specific variation, which makes their taxonomy difficult. The conclusive method of genitalic analysis was limited in olden days might have resulted in misplacement of various taxa. In this paper, Pardosa mysorensis (Tikader & Mukerji, 1971) is synonymized with Pardosa sumatrana (Thorell, 1890) based on examination of specimen from southern Indian state of Kerala. Detailed genitalic photographs and habitus images are given.
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Bodkhe, A.K., Uniyal, V.P., Kamble, S.S., Quasin, S., Santape, G.B., Chikhale, M.P. & Deshmukh, S.M. pp. 413-419.
First record of male Tropizodium viridurbium Prajapati, Murthappa, Sankaran & Sebastian, 2016 from Melghat forest (Araneae: Zodariidae) India.
The spiders of family Zodariidae mimic with ants and feed on them. Presently 12 species are reported from genus Tropizodium Jocqué & Churchil, 2005. Present paper deals with first record of male Tropizodium viridurbium from Melghat forest, Maharashtra, along with the description of the female.
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Seyyar, O., Üstün, E. & Demir, H. pp. 420-424.
An araneological study in Ali Mountain (Kayseri, Central Anatolia, Turkey).
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Seyyar, O. pp. 425-428.
Notes on Callilepis cretica (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) and a new locality in Turkey.
Callilepis cretica was originally described by Roewer (1928) from Crete island as Minosia cretica. It was recorded first time from Anatolia by Seyyar et al. (2006). In this study, we add new locality to its distribution in Anatolia. Its general habitus and genitalia are illustrated.
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Sumesh, N.V. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 429-437.
Regional diversity of spiders in the selected sacred groves of northern Kerala, India.
Sacred groves of Northern Kerala operate as an ideal centre for biodiversity conservation. Several threatened animals and plants are still well conserved in the sacred groves. Present study intends to discover the regional diversity of spiders from the selected sacred groves of Kasargod and Kannur districts. Fifteen sacred groves from Kasargod and Kannur districts were selected for this study. Spider sampling was carried out from February 2016 till January 2018. The sampling methods such as line transect method, handpicking in ground and strata, and beating were used to catch specimens. The caught specimens were preserved and identified to species and genus level using available literature. This study found 11308 individuals of 257 species come under 136 genera. Abundance of spiders in the sacred groves of Kasargod district was 2904 individuals with 109 species and 8404 individuals with 220 species collected from Kannur district. The study revealed that regional wide diversity of spiders was greater in the sacred groves of Kasargod and Kannur.
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Singh, R. & Singh, G. pp. 438-473.
Faunal diversity of Gnaphosidae (Arachnida: Araneae: Araneomorphae) in India:
An updated Checklist.
Checklist of faunal biodiversity of the ground spiders, Gnaphosidae, in different states of India and the union territories is presented herewith. A total of 174 species kept under 35 genera of Gnaphosidae were recorded in all states and the union territories of India except for Nagaland, Sikkim, and Telangana and three union territories, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu, Delhi and Lakshadweep, out of which 124 species (71.3%) were strictly endemic. However, among them, 8 species seem to be the case of erroneous report or misidentification. Two genera of ground spiders are highly speciose, e.g. Drassodes Westring, 1851 (31 species) and Zelotes Gistel, 1848 (30 species). A maximum of 66 species of these ground spiders were recorded from Maharashtra followed by 43 species from Gujarat, 38 species from Madhya Pradesh, 35 species from Chhattisgarh, 32 species from Uttar Pradesh, 25 species each from Rajasthan and Jammu & Kashmir, 24 species from Uttarakhand, 21 species from West Bengal, 20 species from Himachal Pradesh, 17 species from Karnataka, 15 species from Tamil Nadu, 14 species from Kerala, 12 species each from Odisha and Punjab, 10 species from Andhra Pradesh and less than 10 species were recorded from other states. Five species are considerably widely distributed (in 10 or more states and union territories), viz. Drassodes himalayensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 (11 states, 1 union territory), Drassodes luridus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) (11 states), Poecilochroa barmani Tikader, 1982 and Zelotes sataraensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1979 (10 states). Several species of Gnaphosidae reported from India are recorded only from one state or from the type locality. Hence, extensive faunistic surveys for these spiders are required throughout the country.
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AL-Khazali, A.M. pp. 474-480.
Redescription of Rhagodinus caenaeicus (Penther, 1913) (Solifugae: Rhagodidae) from Iraq.
Rhagodinus Roewer, 1933 is one of the small and rare genera within the family Rhagodidae. The species R. caenaeicus (Penther, 1913) was found again and redescribed herein on the basis of a new material collected near the type locality in Salah al-Din province in the centre of Iraq. All the main diagnostic characters are photographed and illustrated.
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El-Hennawy, H.K. & Al-Saraireh, M. pp. 481-486.
Micrommata formosa in Jordan (Araneae: Sparassidae).
Micrommata formosa Pavesi, 1878 of family Sparassidae is recorded from Jordan for the first time. Only one female specimen of this species was collected in January 2020 from Motanazah El-Baydah, Al Hussain national park in Al Qattar Valley, south of Amman, Jordan.
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