Lourenço, W.R. pp. 1-10.
A new species of Leiurus Ehrenberg (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Nigeria, with extension of the distribution range of the genus to the Southwestern portion of the African continent.
One more African new species belonging to the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg is described. The description is based on two pre-adult male specimens collected in the region of Kaura Namoda, NW of Nigeria. The new species shows affinities with other Leiurus species distributed in the Western portion of Africa; however several characteristics attest that this population is certainly distinct. The ecological features of the type locality are particular since the area is characterised by savannah-like vegetation, instead of arid-desert formations; formation previously defined exclusively for Leiurus savanicola described from Cameroon. The type locality of the new species is the most Southwestern region of Africa in which a Leiurus species was collected.
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Al-Saraireh, M., Abu Afifeh, B., Aloufi, A., Amr, Z.S. & Lourenço, W.R. pp. 11-21.
First record of the genus Trypanothacus Lowe, Kovařík, Stockmann & Šťáhlavský, 2019 in Jordan and description of a new species (Scorpiones: Buthidae).
The genus Trypanothacus Lowe, Kovařík, Stockmann & Šťáhlavský, 2019 (Family Buthidae) is recorded for the first time in Jordan and a new species is described based on specimens collected in the region of Al Azraq.
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Mebarki, M.T., Guezoul, O., Soutou, K., Marniche, F., Bouzid, A. & Sadine, S.E. pp. 22-26.
Report of camel spiders (Solifugae: Galeodidae) predation by Saharan horned viper Cerastes cerastes (Linnaeus, 1758) in Northern Algerian Sahara.
This note reports an important case of predation on camel spiders (Solifugae: Galeodidae) by Saharan horned viper Cerastes cerastes (Linnaeus, 1758) (Squamata, Viperidae), based on the presence of Solifugae fragments in the faeces of these snakes sampled from Northern Algerian Sahara. This snake is ranked as opportunistic predator with varied diets consists mainly of lizards, small rodents, and birds. Solifugae are recorded for the first time as Saharan horned viper prey.
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Sherwood, D. pp. 27-30.
Notes on a case of fungal pathogenesis on a juvenile of the theraphosid spider Aphonopelma gabeli Smith, 1995 in captivity (Araneae: Theraphosidae).
A case of fungal pathogenesis in a captive-bred specimen of the North American theraphosine Aphonopelma gabeli Smith, 1995 is reported and illustrated.
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Al-Yacoub, G.A.A., Al-Abbad, M.Y.M. & Kareem, D.K. pp. 31-35.
Pterotricha esyunini Zamani, 2018 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae), a new record for Iraqi spiders.
The spider specimens in the present study were collected from desert habitat located northwest of Thi Qar Province, south of Iraq. A new record has been made for Pterotricha esyunini Zamani, 2018 which has only been described from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Illustrations of the species and a map of the specimen collecting location are provided.
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AL-Khazali, A.M. pp. 36-39.
Prodidomus redikorzevi Spassky, 1940 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae: Prodidominae), the first record of the subfamily in Iraq.
The female of Prodidomus redikorzevi Spassky, 1940 is redescribed based on newly collected material from Iraq. The genus Prodidomus Hentz, 1847 and the subfamily Prodidominae Platnick & Shadab, 1976 are recorded from Iraq for the first time. Digital photographs and a map of distribution records of P. redikorzevi are provided.
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Jahan, N. & Biswas, V. pp. 40-46.
A new species of Asemonea O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 from Bangladesh (Araneae: Salticidae: Asemoneinae).
A new species of jumping spider, Asemonea mirpurensis n. sp. of the family Salticidae is described and illustrated. Generic diagnosis and distribution are provided together with the description of the species.
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Asima, A., Sudhikumar, A.V. & Prasad, G. pp. 47-52.
Description of a new species of Uloborus Latreille, 1806 (Araneae: Uloboridae) from Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary of Western Ghats, India.
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Vishnudas, E., Ajitha, V. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 53-58.
Diversity of spiders in Poovar mangrove ecosystem, Kerala, India.
Spiders are one of the macro-invertebrate predators playing a vital role in maintaining the ecosystem balance. A preliminary study was conducted to record the spider fauna in a fragile ecosystem of Poovar, a mangrove centred tourist place in Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala. The present study resulted 70 species of spiders from 45 genera and 16 families. The number of families obtained from the study represents 26% of the total families reported from India. Salticidae was the dominant family followed by Araneidae.
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Vishnudas, E.H. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 59-63.
First report of the small daddy long leg spider Micropholcus fauroti (Simon, 1887) (Araneae: Pholcidae) female from India with redescription of the male.
Pholcids are the commonly and abundantly occurring synanthropic spiders with worldwide distribution. Small daddy long leg spider Micropholcus fauroti (Simon, 1887) has been reported from many countries across the globe. So far only male of M. fauroti has been reported from Poona, India. In the present study, female of M. fauroti is reported for the first time from India.
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Sherwood, D. pp. 64-66.
A replacement name for Hypsocephalus Millidge, 1978 (Araneae: Linyphiidae).
The erigonine genus Hypsocephalus Millidge, 1978 is a homonym of the genus Hypsocephalus Swift & Ellwood, 1972 (Lutjanidae, Perciformes, Pisces). The replacement name Staveleya nom. nov. is thus proposed for the preoccupied spider genus nomen.
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Noguchi, D. pp. 67-69.
Consumption of a hornet by a wasp spider, Argiope bruennichi (Araneae: Araneidae).
The wasp spider Argiope bruennichi is a generalist predator. However, cases that A. bruennichi preyed on hornets (Vespa spp.) have been rarely known. On the contrary, the hornet is one of the natural enemies of the wasp spider. In the present study, observation of an unusual case regarding the consumption of a yellow-vented hornet Vespa analis insularis by A. bruennichi with wrapping is reported. The finding could provide a new insight into the predator-prey relationship between orb-web spiders and hornets.
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Demir, H. & Seyyar, O. pp. 70-72.
The poorly known species Bassaniodes bufo (Dufour, 1820) (Araneae: Thomisidae) in Turkey.
The male of Bassaniodes bufo (Dufour, 1820), collected from Kelkit Valley, is recorded for the first time for Turkish spider fauna. Its habitus and palp are illustrated.
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Seyyar, O. & Demir, H. pp. 73-76.
Genus Callilepis Westring, 1874 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) in Turkey.
The gnaphosid spider species, Callilepis schuszteri (Herman, 1879) is recorded for the first time from Turkey. Other species of Callilepis known from Turkey and this species are illustrated. The collecting data of this species are also given.
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Seyyar, O. & Demir, H. pp. 77-79.
The poorly known species Stegodyphus lineatus (Latreille, 1817) (Araneae: Eresidae) in Turkey.
Female specimens of Stegodyphus lineatus (Latreille, 1817) were collected from Kelkit Valley recording a new locality from Turkey. The habitus and genitalia of this species are illustrated.
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Sekhar, R. & Jose, S. pp. 80-84.
First description of the male of the theridiid spider Meotipa multuma (Araneae: Theridiidae).
The first description of the male of Meotipa multuma Murthappa, Malamel, Prajapati, Sebastian & Venkateshwarlu, 2017 (Theridiidae) and the redescription of the female from Kerala are presented with illustrations.
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Anju, K.B., Bhagirathan, U. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 85-90.
Redescription of Tetragnatha cochinensis (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) after a century in India.
Tetragnatha cochinensis was first described by Gravely from India in 1921. T. cochinensis is distinguished from other tetragnathids by the unique arrangement of cheliceral teeth. The structure of chelicerae were briefly described and illustrated, but the genitalic descriptions of both sexes were inadequate. This paper provides detailed description of T. cochinensis with photographs on the basis of newly collected specimens from Kerala, India.
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Singh, R. & Singh, G. pp. 91-144.
An updated checklist of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) in Northeast India.
An updated checklist of faunal biodiversity of the spiders in all eight states of northeast India is presented herewith. A total of 956 species of spiders described under 225 genera belonging to 43 families were recorded in all eight states of northeast India. The biodiversity of spiders is maximum in Assam (266 species, 136 genera, 27 families) followed by Meghalaya (225 species, 119 genera, 29 families), Manipur (142 species, 88 genera, 25 families), Arunachal Pradesh (108 species, 56 genera, 20 families), Sikkim (89 species, 55 genera, 21 families), Tripura (79 species, 53 genera, 16 families), Mizoram (70 species, 48 genera, 18 families), and Nagaland (7 species, 6 genera, 5 families). However, most of the areas in all states are still virgin regarding the faunal survey programmes and need intensive and extensive survey in those areas by enthusiastic workers.
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Altıntaş, A. & Kurt, K. pp. 145-151.
Element analysis of some harvestmen species in Turkey by the XRF methods (Arachnida: Opiliones).
With the three prominent functions such as osmotic, structural and biochemical, elements contribute to the adjustment of osmotic balance in tissues and cells and take charge in the texturing of essential molecules such as protein, nucleic acid, and fat. Elemental analysis of male and female individuals of Giljarovia tenebricosa, Histricostoma caucasicum, Mitopus morio, Nelima pontica, and Odiellus zecariensis species collected from different habitats in Turkey was performed by the XRF method. Based on the analysis results of the study, 16 inorganic elements; Ca, S, Cl, P, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Na, Cr, Mg, Ni, K, Al, Ti, and Si, were detected. Statistically, significant variations were defined among the species in terms of the concentrations of Mg, Al, Si, and Ni elements (p<0.01). It was also determined that concentrations of K and Zn elements significantly varied in the male and female samples (p<0.05). Moreover, the concentrations of K and Zn elements were detected higher in females than in males.
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Kaya, R.S., Özkütük, R.S. & Kunt, K.B. pp. 152-156.
Observations on defensive behaviour of the spider Lachesana blackwalli (Araneae: Zodariidae).
It has become increasingly popular to observe animal behaviour by video recording done by amateur naturalists. Here we report the first observed defensive behaviour of a male of Lachesana blackwalli (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) (Araneae, Zodariidae) based on a video recorded by a non-specialist observer. The spider was encountered during a night walk, then it was disturbed by the observer, and its defensive behaviour was recorded. As the spider was disturbed by the observer, it displayed several conspicuous defensive responses such as death-feigning, lunging, and scaring. The main observed response was feigning death. This is the first documented defensive behaviour for L. blackwalli.
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Yağmur, E.A. & Tutar, O. pp. 157-160.
Tetragnatha nitens (Savigny, 1825) (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) a new species for the spider fauna of Turkey.
This study reports the first record of Tetragnatha nitens (Savigny, 1825) for the Turkish araneofauna. The spider T. nitens is recorded from İzmir Province, Turkey. Palp and epigyne illustrations of T. nitens are given.
Part 2, December 2021
Anju, K.B., Bhagirathan, U. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 161-166.
Redescription of Leucauge fastigata (Simon, 1877) (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) with first report of male from India.
The genus Leucauge was established by White in 1841. Leucauge fastigata (Simon, 1877) was first reported by Simon from Philippines. Females are much larger than males, recorded from south-east Asia. Males are extremely small, reported from Burma, Sri Lanka, and Philippines so far. In the present study, detailed description and photographs of female are provided with first report of male from India.
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Sarkar, I.D., Bodkhe, A.K. & Uniyal, V.P. pp. 167-171.
A new lynx spider of genus Oxyopes Latreille, 1804 from India (Araneae: Oxyopidae).
The current paper gives the first descriptive report of the male of Oxyopes kolkhasensis sp. nov. from India. The new species closely resembles O. bharatae Gajbe, 1999, but it is distinguished from it based on a slender, thinner and anteriorly pointed cymbial ending along with a more procurved and posteriorly pointed cymbial spur as well as a smaller ventral tibial apophysis. Detailed taxonomic inputs supporting the novel species are presented.
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Sekhar, R., Domichan, A. & Jose, S. pp. 172-175.
First record of Theridion hotanense Zhu & Zhou, 1993 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from India.
Theridion Walckenaer, 1805 is the most spider rich genus of Family Theridiidae. So far, 585 species, and subspecies, of the genus Theridion have been recorded from various parts of the world. Theridion hotanense Zhu & Zhou, 1993 is described for the first time from India. Digital photographs are used to redescribe the species.
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El-Hennawy, H.K., Sallam, G.M.E., Abd El-Azim, N.A.I. & Abul Fadl, H.A.A. pp. 176-185.
The first record of Minosiella pallida (L. Koch, 1875) (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) in Egypt.
The gnaphosid spider species Minosiella pallida (L. Koch, 1875) is recorded for the first time from Egypt. Its general habitus and genitalia of both male and female are illustrated. Notes on the description, habitat, and collecting data of this species are also given.
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Al-Yacoub, G.A.A., Al-Abbad, M.Y.M. & Kareem, D.K. pp. 186-190.
First record of Pterotricha kovblyuki Zamani & Marusik, 2018 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Iraq.
The species Pterotricha kovblyuki Zamani & Marusik, 2018 is recorded in Iraq for the first time. The specimens were collected from desert habitat located southwest of Thi Qar Province, south of Iraq. The species was described from Iran and United Arab Emirates (UAE). Illustrations of the species and a map of the specimens collecting location are provided.
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Novruzov, N.E. pp. 191-198.
A study of the diet and reproductive behaviour of Galeodes araneoides (Pallas, 1772) (Arachnida: Solifugae) in the field and laboratory conditions.
The data of field and laboratory studies of feeding, mating behaviour (of 19 pairs observed in the field), reproduction of the solifuge (Camel-spider) Galeodes araneoides, as well as moulting and age-related feeding characteristics of nymphs at different stages of development are presented. Arthropods of 4 classes, 12 orders, 19 families were found in the diet of solifuges under natural conditions. Positive selectivity was noted for some groups of food objects: Isopoda, Araneae, Opiliones, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera. In the laboratory, when feeding solifuges by the most abundant representatives of the fauna of arthropods caught in nature, predators have shown preference for prey of representatives of 3 classes, 8 orders, and 23 families (mainly insects and spiders). The intensity of feeding and the width of its spectrum in nymphs under laboratory conditions increases with their age, reaching their maximum by the onset of the adult stage.
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Singh, R. & Singh, G. pp. 199-228.
Updated checklist of spider diversity (Arachnida: Araneae) in Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Chandigarh and Delhi (India).
An updated checklist of faunal biodiversity of the spiders in three north and northwest Indian states (Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab) and two union territories (Chandigarh, Delhi) is presented herewith. A total of 242 species of spiders described under 127 genera belonging to 31 families were recorded in above mentioned states/union territories of India. The biodiversity of spider is maximum in Punjab (109 species, 64 genera, 19 families) followed by Himachal Pradesh (90 species, 58 genera, 22 families), Haryana (59 species, 39 genera, 16 families), Delhi (53 species, 43 genera, 18 families), and Chandigarh (7 species, 7 genera, 5 families). However, most of the areas in all three states and two union territories are still virgin where no survey of the spider fauna and hence, they need intensive and extensive survey plans in those areas by wholehearted workers.
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El-Hennawy, H.K. pp. 229-237.
The first record of Rothus aethiopicus (Pavesi, 1883) (Araneae: Pisauridae) in Egypt and North Africa.
The pisaurid spider species Rothus aethiopicus (Pavesi, 1883) is recorded for the first time from Egypt and North Africa. The general habitus and genitalia of both male and female are illustrated. Description and collecting data of this species are also given.
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Part 3, May 2022
Ythier, E. &
Lourenço, W.R. pp. 239-251.
A new species of Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 from Western Sahara (Scorpiones: Buthidae).
A new species of Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 is described on the basis of one male and one female collected in the region of Adrar Sotuf, Western Sahara. This new scorpion taxon represents the 33rd known species of the genus Androctonus and the 3rd reported from Western Sahara. A geographical distribution map of the Androctonus species occurring in Morocco and Western Sahara is presented and one taxon is raised to species rank, Androctonus bourdoni Vachon, 1948 stat. n.
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Yağmur, E.A., Moradi, M., Tabatabaei, M. & Jafari, N. pp. 252-262.
Contributions to the scorpion fauna of Iran. Part II. Hottentotta akbarii sp. nov. from the Fars Province (Scorpiones: Buthidae).
A new species Hottentotta akbarii sp. nov. is described and illustrated from the Fars Province of Iran. H. akbarii sp. nov. is compared with H. navidpouri Kovařík, Yağmur & Moradi, 2018 and H. saulcyi (Simon, 1880). H. akbarii sp. nov. differs from its congeners by dense hirsuteness of the body, uniformly greenish yellow colouration, lacking black spot at the anterior portion of the carapace, fifth segment and telson and yellow chelicera. With this new species, the species number of genus Hottentotta in Iran is elevated to 10.
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Aboshaala, F., Yağmur, E.A., Sadine, S.E., Ghaliow, M. & Badry, A. pp. 263-273.
On the poorly known species Buthiscus bicalcaratus Birula, 1905 (Scorpiones: Buthidae).
The monotypic genus Buthiscus was described by Birula (1905) with the species Buthiscus bicalcaratus from the Sahara Desert of southern Tunisia. Until now, huge gaps exist in the knowledge of this species which is classified as endemic to North Africa. This paper aims to enrich the existing knowledge on this poorly known species with redescribing specimens of both sexes collected from Libya using widely illustrated redescription, in light of modern standards ruling the taxonomy of scorpions.
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Bengaid, Y., Sadine, S.E., Oumyma, Z., Abidi, H., Bissati, S. & Houhamdi, M. pp. 274-281.
Notes and remarks on Buthacus species of Central Algeria (Scorpiones: Buthidae).
The genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Family Buthidae) regroups about 30 species commonly known as sand scorpions. In the Algerian sandy deserts, in particular, this group shows a micro-endemic populations. The present paper summarizes the exhaustive list of Buthacus species in Ghardaïa region (Central Algeria), basing on sampling period of 12 months (2021). As a preliminary result, five species were recorded from the study area: B. arenicola, B. birulai, B. elmenia, B. samiae, and B. spinatus. Of which, two species are original from Algerian Eastern Erg (B. arenicola and B. birulai) while, the other species were recently identified from Ghardaïa region. All these species show a close affinity to Erg or sandy biotopes except B. samiae which presents a wide distribution in study area and in sandy Reg. Also, it has the ability to cohabit with other Buthacus such as B. spinatus in the North and B. elmenia in the south.
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Alioua, Y. &
Bosmans, R. pp. 282-286.
First record of the genus Nita Huber &
El-Hennawy, 2007 (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Algeria.
In this study, the new discovery in Algeria of the monotypic genus Nita Huber & El-Hennawy, 2007 through the species Nita elsaff Huber & El-Hennawy, 2007 is presented. Different views of the female habitus as well as the epigyne are presented. This new record from the Algerian Sahara is considered to be the most western point of the species distribution.
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Noguchi, D. & Ikeda, K. pp. 287-298.
Intraguild predation on hornets and yellowjackets of vespine wasps by spiders, and vice versa.
Not only spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) but also vespine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae) including hornets (the genus Vespa) and yellowjackets (the genera Vespula and Dolichovespula) belong to top-predator community within arthropod food webs. Thus, between two communities, intraguild predation (IGP) defined as killing and eating among potential competitors is considered to occur. However, the possibility has not investigated enough so far. In the present study by means of bibliographic survey it has been reported that the observations of predation on Vespa, Vespula, and Dolichovespula of vespine wasps by spiders; i.e., large web-building spider Argiope spp. (Araneidae) captured Vespa orientalis, A. amoena and A. bruennichi fed on hornets V. analis, jumping spiders such as Phidippus audax (Salticidae) preyed on yellowjackets (Vespula germanica, Dolichovespula maculate, and D. arenaria), a tunnel web spider Porrhothele antipodiana (Mygalomorphae) consumed Vl. germanica, orb-weavers A. aurantia and A. florida captured Vl. squamosa, diet of wandering spider Phoneutria boliviensis (Ctenidae) contained Vespula sp. By contrast, 20 cases were that vespine wasps foraged spiders from 10 publications with certain species names. Accordingly, symmetric IGP between vespine wasps and spiders is suggested. Observations on kleptoparasitism by hornets, an escaping from a spider’s web by a vespulid wasp, and a killing between a spider and a yellowjacket each other were also known. Although spiders are both prey and predators of vespine wasps, further studies are required to elucidate quantitatively the interaction of prey-predator relationship as symmetric IGP.
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Amulya, K.B., Sebastian, H. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 299-304.
A new species of Oxyopes Latreille, 1804 (Araneae: Oxyopidae) from Calicut University Campus, Kerala, India.
A new species from the spider genus Oxyopes Latreille, 1804, Oxyopes peetham n. sp., is diagnosed and described from the Calicut University Campus, Kerala, India. A detailed morphological description, diagnostic features, and illustrations of the copulatory organs of both sexes of this new species are presented.
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Prasad, N.M.K.N., Shihabudeen, A.V.S.M. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 305-313.
Araneofauna associated with the horticultural ecosystems of Thrissur District, Kerala, India.
Spiders are ecologically very important in agroecosystems as they act as biocontrol agents managing the pest populations. They form an integral part of the food chains operating in croplands. Present study conducted in horticultural ecosystems of Thrissur district, Kerala, India, reported 56 species of spiders belonging to 44 genera and 16 families. The species abundance was in the order Salticidae > Araneidae > Oxyopidae > Lycosidae. Out of the 9 foraging guilds recorded, stalkers emerged as the most prominent one followed by orb weavers and ground runners.
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Shihabudeen, A.V.S.M., Prasad, N.M.K.N. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 314-320.
Diversity of spiders in riparian habitats of Kalpathipuzha, Palakkad, Kerala, India.
Spiders are highly agile, polyphagous arthropods distributed in highly diverse habitats. Occurrence and relative abundance of spiders roughly corresponds to the ‘well-being’ of the habitats. Riparian habitats serve as transition zones between a truly terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. They serve to link the food chains operating in both the flanking habitats. Given work focused on assessing the diversity in distribution of spiders along the banks of Kalpathipuzha; one of the major tributaries of Bharathapuzha, the second longest river in Kerala. The study recorded 66 species of spiders belonging to 53 genera distributed in 21 families. The number of families reported in this study contributes to 35% of those so far reported from India. Salticidae was the dominant family, comprising 17 species. Comparison of the species diversity from three study sites across three seasons revealed higher values in Site 1, Malampuzha, during post monsoon season. Analysis of guild structure indicated stalkers as the most dominant.
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Sancak, Z., Moradi, M. & Şahin, B. pp. 321-323.
The first record of Stemonyphantes agnatus Tanasevitch, 1990 (Araneae: Linyphiidae) in Turkey.
The linyphiid spider species Stemonyphantes agnatus Tanasevitch, 1990 is recorded for the first time from Turkey. In this short paper, the characteristic features and photographs of this species from Turkey are presented. This increases the total number of species of family Linyphiidae recorded in Turkey to 117 species.
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Seyyar, O. & Demir, H. pp. 324-327.
New locality record of Pellenes diagonalis (Simon, 1868) (Araneae: Salticidae) in Turkey.
Pellenes diagonalis (Simon, 1868) is known from Turkey except for the Central Anatolian Region. In this study, we could find this species from a new locality to its distribution in Anatolia. Its general habitus and male genitalia are illustrated.
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Türkeş, T. & Ballı, Z.D. pp. 328-330.
New record of a comb-footed spider of genus Steatoda (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Turkish araneo-fauna.
The theridiid spider species Steatoda trianguloides Levy, 1991 is reported for the first time from Turkey. Its general habitus and genitalia are illustrated. Description and collecting data of this species are also given.
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Seyyar, O., Türkeş,
T. & Demir, H. pp. 331-334.
Haplodrassus
orientalis (L. Koch, 1866) (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) is a new
record for the Turkish spider fauna.
Haplodrassus orientalis (L. Koch, 1866) is recorded for the first time from Turkey. The general habitus and male genitalia are illustrated. Locality and description data of this species are also given.
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Türkeş, T. & Atlı, E.
pp. 335-337.
New
record of genus Clubiona Latreille,
1804 (Araneae: Clubionidae) from Turkish spider fauna.
The clubionid spider species Clubiona pseudosimilis Mikhailov, 1990 is reported for the first time from Turkey. Its general habitus and genitalia are illustrated. Brief description and collecting data of this species are also given.
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Abhijith, R.S., Sheeba, P. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 338-344.
Redescription of two wolf spiders Pardosa mukundi Tikader & Malhotra,
1980 and Draposa burasantiensis (Tikader & Malhotra, 1976)
(Araneae: Lycosidae).
India always amazes with its ecological diversity and biological wealth. Western Ghats has a pivotal role in this. The southern Indian state of Kerala’s major land area comes under Western Ghats. So the taxonomic findings from the state have high significance. Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833 or wolf spiders are amazing organisms which are important to maintain ecological balance. Systematics of this group require a lot of revisions as their external morphology has less taxonomic value. Genital morphology analysis is the best way to accurately classify the spiders, especially wolf spiders. This study reports Pardosa mukundi Tikader & Malhotra, 1980 and Draposa burasantiensis (Tikader & Malhotra, 1976) for the first time from the southern Indian state of Kerala. Redescriptions of females of both species are provided with clear photographs and brief natural history.
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Seyyar, O., Türkeş,
T. & Demir, H. pp. 345-348.
Marinarozelotes adriaticus (Caporiacco, 1951) (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) is a new spider record from
Turkey.
Marinarozelotes adriaticus (Caporiacco, 1951) is recorded for the first time from Turkey. Its general habitus and genitalia are illustrated. Description and collecting data of this species are also given.
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Danışman, T. &
Erol, Y. pp. 349-352.
First
report of Zelotes laetus (O. Pickard-Cambridge,
1872) (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) in Turkey.
The gnaphosid spider species Zelotes laetus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) is recorded for the first time from Turkey. Its morphology is briefly described and illustrated.
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Demircan Aksan, N. & Topçu, A. pp. 353-355.
A new record of the genus Tegenaria from Turkey (Araneae:
Agelenidae).
A new record of the genus Tegenaria Latreille, 1804, Tegenaria euxinica Dimitrov, 2022, is identified as a new record for the Turkish araneofauna. Its morphology is briefly described and illustrated.
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Singh, R. & Sharma, A. pp. 356-377.
Diversity of spider fauna (Arachnida: Araneae) in different districts of Andhra
Pradesh, India.
An updated checklist of spider diversity in Andhra Pradesh is presented herewith. A total of 192 species of spiders described under 104 genera belonging to 33 families are enlisted that have been recorded/described from all 13 districts of Andhra Pradesh. The maximum number of species of spiders were recorded from Kurnool (80 species) followed by Chittoor (60 species), Kadapa (44 species), Visakhapatnam (37 species), Prakasam (33 species), Anantapur and Nellore (29 species each), Guntur (19 species), Vizianagaram (16 species) and Srikakulam (15 species) and less number of species in other districts. Total 10 species recorded from different districts of Andhra Pradesh were identified only upto generic level while 15 species seem to be misidentified. The Araneidae is the biggest family (29 species) followed by Lycosidae (22 species) and Salticidae (23 species) in Andhra Pradesh. Other families are represented by less than 20 species, 9 families are represented by single species. Most of the national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, forest areas, agricultural fields, human dwellings etc. within the state still await intensive and extensive surveys to record the spider fauna.
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Al-khazali, A.M. pp. 378-381.
Zodarion
lutipes
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) (Araneae: Zodariidae) a new record from Iraq.
The female of Zodarion lutipes (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) is reported for the first time from Iraq, based on new material collected from Dhi Qar province, southern Iraq. A description, digital photos, and a distribution map are presented.
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Najim,
S.A.
& Abbas, A.F. pp. 382-385.
New locality data of Stegodyphus
lineatus (Latreille, 1817) (Araneae: Eresidae) from Basrah province
south of Iraq.
Stegodyphus lineatus (Latreille, 1817) is a member of family Eresidae which is commonly known as velvet spiders. This species was recorded from neighbouring countries as well as unknown locality from Iraq. In current study, definite localities of the species are recorded from south of Iraq. The images of adult female and its epigynum are presented.
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Al-Yacoub, G.A.A. & Al-Abbad, M.Y.M. pp.
386-390.
Genus Zelotes Gistel, 1848
(Araneae: Gnaphosidae), a new record from Iraq.
The genus Zelotes Gistel, 1848 is recorded in Iraq for the first time. Females and males of Zelotes subterraneus (C.L. Koch, 1833) were collected from an agricultural area in Thi Qar province, southern Iraq. Illustrations of epigynum and palp of the species and a map of the specimens collecting location are provided.
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Drisya-Mohan, O.M. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 391-399.
Community organization of social spider Stegodyphus sarasinorum Karsch, 1892 in Kerala.
Social spiders are widely distributed geographically and the social spider found in India shows different behavioural attributes. The present study identified the presence of Indian cooperative spider Stegodyphus sarasinorum Karsch, 1892 colonies in different districts of Kerala. Beyond the conventional method of taxonomic identification, the molecular method was used to identify the organism. Along with the morphometric analysis of S. sarasinorum, sexual size dimorphism was also investigated. The study shows the distribution of colonies in four districts of Kerala (1 m to 80 m above msl) and the molecular sequence of S. sarasinorum shows with the other social spider S. mimosarum found in Africa and Madagascar and solitary spider S. dufouri distributed in South and North Africa. The sexual size dimorphism index confirmed the dimorphism in this social spider.
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Zekri, W., Moussi, A., Sadine, S.E. & Sarhan, M. pp. 400-415.
Buthus Leach, 1815 (Scorpiones: Buthidae): taxonomic status of species in Algeria with their morphological and molecular study in Aures region.
The genus Buthus Leach, 1815 is the most diverse and the most widespread scorpion genus in family Buthidae C.L. Koch, 1837. In the last two decades, an impressive number of publications have demonstrated remarkable progress in the number of Buthus species in Algeria, which has risen to ten species. The taxonomic status of the genus based on morphologic keys, deserves to be elucidated with an exhaustive list of species as taxonomic reference including dichotomous keys and genetic barcodes.
In this paper, a genetic study of Buthus species complex from Aures region (eastern Algeria) has been performed based on DNA barcoding. In addition, a multi-rate Poisson tree process (mPTP) and Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) methods were used to generate molecular species descriptions of 229 COI sequences. The morphological results lead to the description of two Buthus species in our study area: Buthus aures Lourenço & Sadine, 2016, and Buthus tunetanus (Herbst, 1800). Among the important results is the confirmation of the morphological identification of two Algerian Buthus species (B. aures and B. tunetanus) by the genetic identity. Furthermore, 22 molecular operating taxonomic units (mOTUs) were suggested by mPTP method, where eight mOTUs are distributed all over Algeria, of which Aures region includes four of them. In addition, according to literature data, the number of existing Buthus species and their geographical distribution patterns in Algeria are discussed.
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El-Hennawy, H.K. pp. 416-420.
Mesiotelus tenuissimus (Araneae: Liocranidae) and the first record of its family in Jordan.
Mesiotelus tenuissimus (L. Koch, 1866) of family Liocranidae is recorded from Jordan for the first time. Only one male specimen of this species was collected in October 2013 inside a house in Amman, Jordan. This is the first record of family Liocranidae too.
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Part 4, August 2022
A new subgenus and species of Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 from Iraq (Scorpiones: Buthidae).
A new species of buthid scorpion belonging to the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg is described based on one female collected in the Al-Anbâr Province in Iraq. Since the early 2000s, the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (family Buthidae) started to be the subject of several new studies. Some of the populations previously considered as subspecies were raised to the rank of species, but also many new species have been described. Nevertheless, although the important number of modifications brought to the composition of the genus Leiurus, no attempt was done to divide it in sub generic units. The study of an atypical new species of Leiurus from Iraq, suggests the creation of a new subgenus to accommodate it. Further investigations should bring more precise conclusions about the status of this particular population. The type locality of the new species represents the first confirmed record of the genus Leiurus for Iraq.
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Lourenço, W.R. & El-Hennawy, H.K.
pp. 428-440.
A new species of Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 from the
North East portion of the Tibesti Massif in Libya (Scorpiones: Buthidae).
A further new species of scorpion belonging to the genus Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Family Buthidae C.L. Koch, 1837), is described on the basis of one male specimen collected in the NE range of the Tibesti Mountains in Libya. This is the first record of the genus Androctonus for the Tibesti Massif and the new species most certainly corresponds to an endemic element to this mountain range. As in previous studied cases, these Saharan Massifs prove to be very important endemic centres within the Sahara desert.
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Pratihar, S., Khatun,
J., Diksha & Das, S.K. pp. 441-446.
A new species of trapdoor spider genus Heligmomerus
Simon,
1892 (Araneae:
Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae) from West Bengal, India.
A new species of front-eyed trapdoor spider Heligmomerus jagadishchandra sp. n. is described from the holotype collected in Keshpur (West Medinipur, West Bengal, India). Habitat information of the species is provided too.
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Amulya, K.B., Sebastian, H. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 447-450.
A new lynx spider of the genus Hamataliwa Keyserling, 1887 (Araneae: Oxyopidae) from Kerala, India.
Hamataliwa crista sp. n. female is collected from Pathiramanal Island of Alappuzha district of Kerala. This species is somewhat resembling to Hamataliwa foveata Tang & Li, 2012 by considering its external morphology. At the same time, it shows greater variance from its counterpart in their epigyne structure. A detailed morphological description, diagnostic features of the copulatory organ of the new species Hamataliwa crista sp. n. collected from Pathiramanal Island are given.
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Singh, R. pp. 451-499.
An
updated checklist of spider fauna (Arachnida: Araneae) in different districts
of Karnataka state, India.
The present checklist of spider fauna of Karnataka is the outcome of the compilation of all published literature up to July 30, 2022. A total of 393 species of spiders described under 194 genera belonging to 39 families are enlisted that have been described and/or recorded from 24 out of 31 districts of Karnataka. Additionally, a total of 165 species belonging to 30 families recorded from different districts of Karnataka were identified only upto generic level and 41 species of spiders belonging to 14 families seem to be misidentified and all these species have been excluded from the total list of spiders of the state. The maximum number of spider species were recorded from Bengaluru Urban district (147 species) followed by Mysuru (132 species), Dakshina Kannada (105 species), Shivamogga (101 species), Chikkamagaluru (71 species), Tumakuru (62 species), Kalaburagi (53 species), Chamarajanagara and Koppal (50 species each) and less than 50 species in other districts. The largest family recorded in Karnataka is Araneidae (79 species, 28 genera), Salticidae (72 species, 41 genera), Lycosidae (33 species, 9 genera), Thomisidae (32 species, 17 genera), Theridiidae (26 species, 13 genera), Tetragnathidae (25 species, 6 genera), Gnaphosidae (13 species, 10 genera), Sparassidae (13 species, 3 genera), Oxyopidae (12 species, 2 genera), Theraphosidae (11 species, 5 genera), and less than 10 species in other 29 families. No faunal survey of spiders so far conducted in 7 districts of Karnataka. Most of the national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, forest areas, agricultural fields, human dwellings etc. of Karnataka still await intensive and extensive survey programmes to record a near complete spider fauna.
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Dhanya, N.J., Sumesh, N.V. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 500-510.
Diversity and guild structure of spiders in the selected habitats of KFRI Field Research Center, Velupadam, Kerala, India.
Spiders are omnipresent terrestrial predators that use a wide range of predatory strategies, occupy variety of niches, and exhibits guild-specific responses to environmental changes. Present work is an attempt to study the diversity and guild structure of spiders in the selected habitats of KFRI Field Research Center, Velupadam, Kerala, India. The study was conducted during the period of December 2021 to March 2022 in the fields of Bambusetum and Arboretum in the FRC campus. Sampling methods such as ground hand collection, aerial hand collection, vegetation beating, litter sampling, and visual search were used to collect spider samples. A total of 63 species from 53 genera in 15 families were collected from the total study area. Araneidae was the most dominant family in the total study area. Both fields had equal species richness and evenness and comparatively similar diversity indices, however the Bambusetum had slightly higher spider diversity than the Arboretum. The analysis of feeding behaviour of collected spiders revealed a total of six feeding guilds.
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Al-Khazali, A.M., Khalaf, R.Z. & Al-Fayadhi, K.H. pp. 511-515.
Banded garden spider, Argiope trifasciata (Forskål, 1775), a new record of the family Araneidae in Iraq.
Female specimens of the banded garden spider, Argiope trifasciata (Forskål, 1775), are reported for the first time from Iraq, based on material collected from three provinces of southern and middle Iraq. This record represents the sixth species of the Orb-weaver spiders for the Iraqi spider fauna. The characteristic features of this species are described and figured.
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El-Hennawy, H.K., Al-Saraireh, M. & Abu Afifeh,
B. pp. 516-522.
Latrodectus tredecimguttatus (Rossi, 1790) (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Jordan.
Latrodectus tredecimguttatus (Rossi, 1790) of family Theridiidae is recorded from Jordan for the first time. Four individuals of this species were collected from different localities in 2019 and 2021 in Jordan.
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El-Hennawy, H.K. pp. 523-526.Thyene imperialis (Rossi, 1846) of family Salticidae is widely distributed in Egypt. Its records are discussed with photographs of a newly collected male from Cairo.
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Part 1, November 2022
Ythier, E. & Lourenço, W.R. pp. 1-6.
First record of the genus Buthus Leach, 1815 from Kenya (Scorpiones: Buthidae) and description of a new species.
A new species of scorpion, Buthus turkana sp. n. (Scorpiones: Buthidae), is described from the northwest of Kenya, in the Turkana County nearby Lake Turkana, in the Kenyan Rift Valley. This is the first record of a Buthus species in Kenya, enlarging the pattern of distribution of the genus.
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Aloufi, A., Abu Afifeh, B., Al-Saraireh, M. & Amr, Z.S. pp. 7-14.
Complementary information on Compsobuthus khaybari Abu Afifeh, Aloufi & Al-Saraireh, 2021, with the description of an adult female (Scorpiones: Buthidae).
Compsobuthus khaybari was described by Abu Afifeh et al. (2021) based on a single male collected form Ain El-Hamah, Khaybar, Saudi Arabia. Recently more specimens were collected from Mughera’a including males and one female. The female of this species is fully described and illustrated.
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Sherwood, D. & Fowler, L. pp. 15-18.
On a small collection of oonopids from Saint Helena with notes on the invalid names “Xeroonops” and “Xeroonops spinipalpis” (Araneae: Oonopidae).
New faunistic records based on a small number of oonopids collected in Saint Helena are presented. Two unavailable names, “Xeroonops” and “Xeroonops spinipalpis”, previously not remarked on by other authors, are discussed.
The Clubionid spider species Clubiona golovatchi Mikhailov, 1990 is reported for the first time from Türkiye. The morphological characters and genital organ of the species were photographed. The locality record where the species was collected is indicated.
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Seyyar, O., Türkeş, T. & Demir, H. pp. 22-25.
New locality records of two rare linyphiids (Araneae: Linyphiidae) in Türkiye.
Both Ceratinella scabrosa (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) and Megalepthyphantes turkeyensis Tanasevitch, Kunt & Seyyar, 2005 species are poorly known in Türkiye. In this study, we could find these species from new localities other than their known localities in Anatolia. The old and new distributions of these species in Türkiye are shown on the maps. Their general habitus and genitalia are also illustrated.
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Akar, M.S. & Türkeş, T. pp. 26-28.
Leptopilos manolisi (Chatzaki, 2002) (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) new record in Türkiye.
The gnaphosid spider species Leptopilos manolisi (Chatzaki, 2002) is reported for the first time from Türkiye. Hitherto, there is no other known species of the genus Leptopilos Levy, 2009 in the fauna of Türkiye. The new record in this study constitutes the first species of Leptopilos known from Türkiye. Morphological and genital organs of the species were photographed. The locality record where the species was collected is indicated.
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Sancak, Z., İyiçalışkan, N. & Damar, Y.S. pp. 29-31.
A new record of Walckenaeria in the spider fauna of Türkiye (Araneae: Linyphiidae).
The linyphiid spider species Walckenaeria stylifrons (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875) is recorded for the first time from Türkiye. In this short paper, the characteristic features and photographs of Walckenaeria stylifrons from Türkiye are presented. This increases the total number of Linyphiidae recorded in Türkiye to 154 species.
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Türkeş, T., Ballı, Z.D. & Atlı, E. pp. 32-35.
A new record of the genus Pireneitega (Araneae: Agelenidae) for the Araneo-Fauna of Türkiye.
The agelenid spider species Pireneitega spasskyi (Charitonav, 1946) is reported for the first time from Türkiye. The morphological characters and genital organ of the species were photographed. The locality record where the species was collected is indicated on a map.
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Demircan Aksan, N. & Topçu, A. pp. 36-38.
A new record of genus Lasaeola from Türkiye (Araneae: Theridiidae).
A new record of genus Lasaeola Simon, 1881, Lasaeola dbari Kovblyuk, Marusik & Omelko, 2012, is identified as a new record for the Turkish araneofauna. Its morphology is briefly described and illustrated.
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Demircan Aksan, N. & Topçu, A. pp. 39-56.
A preliminary checklist of the spider fauna of European Türkiye.
A species list of spiders of the European Türkiye region based on unpublished new faunistic information and available literature is presented in this study. As a result of the studies conducted since 1875, a total of 297 species belonging to 34 families were listed from European Türkiye. Part of the list includes new species localities based on specimens collected in the region between 2013 and 2015. With the data of this study, 77 species were recorded for the first time for European Türkiye (Turkish Thrace).
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Seyyar, O. pp. 57-64.
An overview of Turkish gnaphosid fauna-II (Araneae: Gnaphosidae).
Türkiye has a rich spider biodiversity as other living groups due to its zoogeographical position. Since many studies have been carried out in Türkiye to detect ground spiders by this time. It has been necessary to compile these studies to determine the total Gnaphosidae fauna periodically. According to all data, family Gnaphosidae is the most dominant spider family in Türkiye and it contains 163 taxa in total.
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Novruzov, N.E. pp. 65-74.
Taxonomic structure and biotopic
distribution of the arachnids in biocenoses environs of Agzybir Estuary of the
Caspian Sea.
The study of the species composition and biotopic distribution of arachnids in the vicinity of the Akzybir estuary (including natural biocenoses and agrocenoses) was carried out in order to establish the most widespread species and the prospects for their use as regulators of the number of harmful insects in agrocenoses. A total of 57 species of arachnids belonging to 4 orders, 15 families, and 44 genera were identified: 37 species of them were noted only in natural habitats, 19 species, both in natural habitats and in agrocenoses, and 3 species, only in agrocenoses. Arachnids identified in agrocenoses accounted for about 35% of the total number of detected species. The largest number of recorded species belonged to the order Araneae: families Gnaphosidae, Lycosidae, Linyphiidae, Thomisidae, and Salticidae. Presumably, representatives of the order Araneae: families Agelenidae, Araneidae, Lycosidae, Theridiidae, Thomisidae can be promising for use as regulators of the number of harmful insects in the agrocenoses of the coastal territory of the Akzybir Estuary, subject to strictly regulated and selective use of pesticides.
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Danışman, T. & Coşar, İ. pp. 75-78.
First record of the dwarf spider Diplocephalus graecus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) from Türkiye (Araneae: Linyphiidae).
Diplocephalus graecus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) is recorded from Türkiye for the first time. In addition, characteristic features and photographs of D. graecus are presented. With this data, the number of species belonging to family Linyphiidae in Türkiye has been raised to 155.
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Abhijith, R.S., Sheeba, P. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 79-84.
First record of Pardosa
parathompsoni Wang & Zhang, 2014 (Araneae: Lycosidae) from biodiversity
hotspot Western Ghats with additional information on cheliceral morphology.
Taxonomic findings from biodiversity hotspots are always fascinating because of their vulnerability. In this paper we are reporting Pardosa parathompsoni Wang & Zhang, 2014 for the first time from Western Ghats region of India along with additional information on cheliceral morphology.
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Vishnudas, E.H., Anis, K.V. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 85-89.
First description of the male comb-footed spider, Chrysso
urbasae (Tikader, 1970) (Araneae: Theridiidae) with redescription of the
female.
The male of Chrysso urbasae (Tikader, 1970) is first described from Kerala, India with redescription of female. This species was originally described from Sikkim, India only with female specimen. Morphological description of male and redescription of female with detailed photographs are provided.
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Sibi, K.K., Gigi, P. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 90-94.
First report of the kleptoparasitic spider Argyrodes miniaceus (Doleschall,
1857) (Araneae: Theridiidae) from India.
The genus Argyrodes Simon, 1864 includes kleptoparasitic spiders. The synanthropic spider Argyrodes miniaceus is specialised in the invasion and exploitation of the webs created by members of family Araneidae. In the present study, Argyrodes miniaceus (Doleschall, 1857) is reported for the first time from the Western Ghats of India.
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Amulya, K.B. & Sudhikumar,
A.V. pp. 95-99.
New species of genus Hamataliwa
Keyserling, 1887 (Araneae: Oxyopidae) from India.
New species of Lynx spider, Hamataliwa rhombiae sp. n. is described from Perepara dam area, a part of western Ghats of Kerala, India. Detailed morphological description, diagnostic features, and illustrations of the female of this species is given.
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Boutmedjet, A., Alioua, Y., Bouallala, M., Sadine, S.E. &
Guezoul, O. pp. 100-106.
First data on the diversity of the spider fauna of Kef
Doukhane river (Ghardaïa, Northern Algerian Sahara).
Spiders remain among the poorly known groups of the fauna in Algeria for a number of reasons (i.e., the small number of arachnologists, the large surface of the country, the rigorous climate in the Saharan part … etc.). The actual available data of the araneofauna of Algeria are also not updated in general, or not yet revised. This study was carried out in the wetland of Kef Doukhane (Ghardaïa, Algeria). The collected material was randomly sampled around the river using direct hunting method. The taxonomical study revealed a number of 12 species of spiders belonging to 9 families and 12 genera. The families Araneidae, Gnaphosidae, and Salticidae were the most diversified with 2 species for each of them, the rest of the families are represented by only one species. The most dominant species were Larinia chloris and Larinioides suspicax of family Araneidae (51.43 %). This study increased the number of the known spiders in the region of Ghardaïa to 21 species instead of 12.
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El-Hennawy, H.K. pp. 107-110.
The first
record of Dysdera
lata
Reuss, 1834 (Araneae:
Dysderidae) in Jordan.
Dysdera lata Reuss, 1834 of family Dysderidae is recorded from Jordan for the first time. Only one male specimen of this species was collected in September 1987 in the vicinity of Abu Nseir, Amman, Jordan. This is the first record of a species of the family Dysderidae too.
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Part 2, April 2023
Lourenço, W.R. pp. 111-120.
A new species of Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 from the Northern savannas of Cameroon (Scorpiones: Buthidae).
A new species of scorpion belonging to the genus Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 (family Buthidae C.L. Koch, 1837), is described on the basis of one adult female and seven males and six females juveniles collected in the savannah formations of Sanguéré-Djoi, Cameroon. The material was collected with the use of Barber traps what explains a predominance of immature individuals in the sample. This Androctonus population is the first record of the genus for Cameroon and can be associated with Androctonus hoggarensis (Pallary, 1929), species originally described from the Hoggar Mountains in Algeria. The analysis of a several morphological characters of both species confirms some differences. More conclusive however are the characteristics of endemic populations of the two species. Respectively in a Saharan Massif, major endemic centres within the Sahara desert, and in a savannah-like formation.
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Abu Afifeh, B. & Al-Saraireh, M. pp. 121-125.
An anomaly in the genital operculum of Scorpio granulomanus Al-Saraireh, Yağmur, Abu Afifeh & Amr, 2023 (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae).
A case of anomaly in the genital operculum is recorded in adult female of the scorpion Scorpio granulomanus Al-Saraireh, Yağmur, Abu Afifeh & Amr, 2023.
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Sarkar, I.D., Quasin, S. & Siliwal, M. pp. 126-131.
Two new species of sac spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae) from the Indian Western Himalayas.
The paper gives the taxonomic accounts of two new species of genus Clubiona from the Indian Western Himalayas, Clubiona dorni sp. n. and Clubiona uniyali sp. n. based on specimens collected from the states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, India.
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Shilpa, K.R., Anis, K.V. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 132-139.
First record of Araneus viridiventris Yaginuma, 1969 (Araneae: Araneidae) from India with redescription of the female.
Revisions and detailed studies on the cosmopolitan genus Araneus Clerck, 1757 are carrying out in different parts of the world. Light green garden spider, Araneus viridiventris Yaginuma, 1969 are known from China, Japan, and Taiwan. It is recorded from India for the first time. Redescription of female genitalia with detailed photographs are presented in this study. Known distribution of this species is also mapped.
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Singh, R., Khan, A.A. & Khan, A.A. pp. 140-196.
An updated checklist of the spider fauna (Arachnida: Araneae) in different districts of Gujarat state, India.
In this article, an updated checklist of spider diversity in the Gujarat state of India is presented. A total of 533 species of spiders described under 190 genera belonging to 41 families are enlisted that have been recorded/described from only 25 out of 33 districts of Gujarat, India. A total of 178 species belonging to 43 families recorded from different districts of Gujarat were identified only up to the generic level. The maximum number of species of spiders were recorded from Mehsana district (215 species, 107 genera) followed by Bhavnagar (206 species, 112 genera), Sabarkantha (192 species, 100 genera), Navsari (167 species, 89 genera), Panchmahal (165 species, 99 genera), Dang (162 species, 87 genera), Banskantha (127 species, 81 genera), Junagadh (121 species, 44 genera), Anand (118 species, 74 genera), Vadodara (118 species, 51 genera) and Surendranagar (108 species, 56 genera) and less number of species in other districts. Also, 31 species in 27 genera and 17 families recorded in 13 districts of Gujarat seem to be misidentified. Among the families, Araneidae is the most abundant family which comprises 79 species belonging to 24 genera and is distributed in 23 districts out of 33 districts in Gujarat followed by Lycosidae (68 species, 10 genera, 20 districts), Salticidae (64 species, 36 genera, 20 districts), Gnaphosidae (51 species, 14 genera, 17 districts), Thomisidae (41 species, 16 genera, 18 districts) and Theridiidae (35 species, 16 genera, 21 districts). So far, no faunal surveys of spiders have been conducted in 8 districts of Gujarat. Most of the national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, forest areas, agricultural fields, orchards, human dwellings etc. within the state still await intensive and extensive surveys to record the spider fauna.
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Tutar, O. & Yağmur, E.A. pp. 197-222.
Spider (Araneae) fauna of İzmir Peninsula (Çeşme, Karaburun, Urla), Türkiye.
In this study, spider fauna of Çeşme, Karaburun and Urla districts in the İzmir Peninsula were investigated. Examined specimens were collected from various localities in the region between December 2016 and April 2018. As a result of the study, 497 adult spider specimens (299 ♀♀, 198 ♂♂) were collected; 88 genera and 109 species belonging to 33 families were identified. Of these species, since five individuals belonging to different families are juvenile, their identification is left at the genus level. All species are new records for İzmir Peninsula except: Argyrodes argyrodes (Walckenaer, 1841), Dipoena galilaea Levy & Amitai, 1981, Dysdera fragaria Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988, Scytodes thoracica (Latreille, 1802), Scytodes velutina Heineken & Lowe, 1832, Tetragnatha nitens (Savigny, 1825) and Thanatus pictus L. Koch, 1881.
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El-Hennawy, H.K. pp. 223-228.
Argiope lobata (Pallas, 1772) in Jordan (Araneae: Araneidae).
Argiope lobata (Pallas, 1772) of family Araneidae is recorded from Jordan. Only one female specimen of this species was collected in September 1989 from Abdoun, Amman, Jordan.
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Part 3, June 2023
Mairif, M. & Guemou, L. pp. 229-232.
New locality of Buthus
apiatus Lourenço, El Bouhissi & Sadine, 2020 in Algeria (Scorpiones:
Buthidae).
This note concerns a scorpion species of the genus Buthus recently described in Algeria, Buthus apiatus Lourenço, El Bouhissi & Sadine, 2020. According to the last synthesis of Algerian scorpions, this species is located in the North-West of Algeria, in the department of Sidi Bel Abbes and the Tissemsilt. This note provides a new locality of B. apiatus outside these areas, extended about 230 km eastwards, south of the department of Tiaret (Algeria).
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Novruzov, N.E. pp. 233-242.
On the morphology of the endemic
Camel-spider Karschia (Karschia) caucasica (L. Koch, 1878) (Solifugae: Karschiidae).
This article presents morphometric data and a brief description of the endemic solifuge Karschia (Karschia) caucasica based on studying own collection material that consists of seven male specimens and one female obtained from the type habitat and the new localities in the southwestern part of the Absheron Peninsula (Azerbaijan). The female of this species was previously unknown to science and was discovered by the author for the first time. The reliability of the belonging of this female specimen to K. (K.) caucasica was confirmed by the fact of its joint discovery with the male of this species during the process of copulation.
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Türkeş, T., Seyyar, O. & Demir, H. pp. 243-245.
New locality record of Clubiona similis L.
Koch, 1867 (Araneae: Clubionidae) in
Türkiye.
Clubiona similis L. Koch, 1867 was previously recorded from Bursa Province, Osmangazi district in Türkiye. This new record is from Istanbul Province: Pendik district, Intercity Istanbul Park. Its general habitus and genitalia are illustrated. Short description and collecting data of this species are also given.
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Demir, H., Türkeş, T., Seyyar, O. pp. 246-248.
The new
record of the spider subfamily Urocteinae Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Oecobiidae)
in Türkiye.
The female of the poorly known species, Uroctea grossa Roewer, 1960 is recorded for the first time from Türkiye. Digital photographs and a map of distribution records of U. grossa are provided. Description and collecting data of this species are also given.
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Danışman, T., Özgen, İ. & Gül,
A. pp. 249-252.
Rhysodromus hierosolymitanus (Levy, 1977) (Araneae: Philodromidae):
an addition to the spider fauna of Türkiye.
The philodromid species Rhysodromus hierosolymitanus (Levy, 1977) is here reported for the first time from Türkiye. In addition, its morphology is briefly described and illustrated.
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Coşar, İ.
& Danışman, T. pp. 253-257.
First record of the jumping spider Menemerus animatus O. Pickard-Cambridge,
1876 in Türkiye (Araneae: Salticidae).
In this study, a new record of Menemerus animatus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876 (♀) is presented from Elazığ province. Its morphology is briefly described and illustrated. The distribution of this species and other species belonging to genus Menemerus Simon, 1868 in Türkiye is also mapped adding new locality records of Menemerus semilimbatus (Hahn, 1829) with its description.
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Sherwood, D. & Beccaloni, J. pp. 258-263.
Zoropsis rufipes (Lucas, 1838), a historical stowaway from the Canary
Islands to the United Kingdom in bananas (Araneae: Zoropsidae).
Zoropsis rufipes (Lucas, 1838) is a recorded stowaway to the United Kingdom but the literature in which it was recorded is not widely known. It has thus hitherto not been recorded as a known stowaway in the modern checklists of British spiders. Recently, we discovered specimens in the Natural History Museum, London, providing further records, allowing us to discuss the prior literature, and provide images of the genitalia of this species, which shows notable epigynal variation.
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Sherwood, D. pp. 264-266.
Oedignatha elhennawyi nom.
nov., a replacement name for Oedignatha indica Reddy & Patel,
1993 (Araneae: Liocranidae).
The liocranid spider Oedignatha indica Reddy & Patel, 1993 is a junior homonym of Oedignatha indica (Tikader, 1981), resultant from the latter species recently being transferred to this genus. Oedignatha indica Reddy & Patel, 1993 has no junior synonyms, and thus a replacement name is newly proposed in this work: Oedignatha elhennawyi nom. nov.
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Singh, R. pp. 267-318.
An updated checklist of the spider fauna (Arachnida:
Araneae) in different districts of Kerala state of India.
In this article, an updated checklist of spider diversity in the Kerala state of India is presented. A total of 598 species of spiders described under 260 genera belonging to 44 families are enlisted that have been described and/or recorded from all 14 districts of Kerala, India. The maximum number of species of spiders was recorded from Idukki (33 families, 155 genera, 290 species) followed by Wayanad (27 families, 146 genera, 274 species), Thrissur (28 families, 139 genera, 234 species), Palakkad (28 families, 116 genera, 218 species), Ernakulam (26 families, 109 genera, 183 species), Kannur (22 families, 105 genera, 182 species), Kasaragod (22 families, 105 genera, 182 species), Alappuzha (22 families, 95 genera, 161 species), and Thiruvananthapuram (24 families, 92 genera, 144 species) and less than 100 species of spiders in other districts. Among the families, Salticidae is the most abundant family which comprises 97 species belonging to 48 genera and is distributed in all districts of Kerala followed by Araneidae (86 species, 31 genera, all districts), Theridiidae (55 species, 25 genera, all districts), Thomisidae (47 species, 21 genera, 12 districts), Lycosidae (39 species, 12 genera, all districts), Oxyopidae (35 species, 4 genera, all districts), and Tetragnathidae (36 species, 9 genera, all districts). Representation of other families is moderate (10-22 species) to poor (1-9 species). Though, Cheiracanthiidae, Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Hersiliidae, Linyphiidae, Sparassidae, and Uloboridae are poorly represented in Kerala but are distributed in 12-14 districts of Kerala. Some of the national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, forest areas, agricultural fields, human dwellings etc. of Kerala still await intensive and extensive survey programmes to record a near complete spider fauna. Several spiders were identified only upto generic level, and are excluded from this checklist.
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Seyyar, O. & Demir,
H. pp. 319-335.
The spider biodiversity of
Kelkit Valley in Türkiye.
Spider specimens were collected by using aspirator, sweep net, and pitfall traps from Kelkit Valley, located in Central Anatolia and Black Sea regions between April and November in 2019-2021. A total of 203 species belonging to 131 genera in 31 families were recorded from the study area. All identified species are new records for the study area. All specimens were labelled and preserved as museum material in Arachnology Museum of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University.
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Sherwood, D.
& Cockar, Z. pp. 336-339.
First
record of Eucratoscelus pachypus Schmidt & von Wirth, 1990 from
Kenya (Araneae: Theraphosidae).
The first formal record of Eucratoscelus pachypus Schmidt & von Wirth, 1990 from Kenya is reported, based on observation of a female on the western slopes of the Chyulu Hills by the second author. This charismatic species is easily identified based on photographs.
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Řezáč, M., Vaněk,
O. & Střeštík, V. pp. 340-354.
Eresus
elhennawyi sp. n. (Araneae: Eresidae), a new velvet spider mimicking mutilid wasps from north-western Africa.
Despite their attractive appearance, the velvet spiders of the genus Eresus are an understudied group in some parts of their range. Such areas include the south-western Mediterranean. In this paper we present a description of a new species from Morocco and Algeria, Eresus elhennawyi sp. n. We named it after the Egyptian arachnologist Hisham El-Hennawy, who has worked on the arachnids of North Africa for several decades. This species lives under rocks in semi-desert habitats, so unlike most species of the genus Eresus, it does not burrow. Adult males seek out females in April. Their colouration is obviously a mimicry of co-occurring stinging mutilid wasps. The most morphologically similar species is Eresus crassitibialis Wunderlich, 1987 from the nearby Canary Islands.
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Part 4, October 2023
Sherwood, D. & Sharp, A. pp. 355-358.
First record of the cob-web spider Platnickina adamsoni Berland, 1934) from Ascension Island (Araneae: Theridiidae).
Platnickina adamsoni (Berland, 1934) is recorded from Ascension Island for the first time, based on an examined adult female, collected by vegetation beating. The complex taxonomic history of P. adamsoni is discussed, to contextualize the significance of this record, which may have been misidentified as a similar congener – Platnickina mneon (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) – if not for recent corrections to the literature by Dupérré (2023).
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Joy, A.T. & Sudhikumar, A.V. pp. 359-364.
Uloborus danolius Tikader, 1969 is a junior synonym of Zosis geniculata (Olivier, 1789) (Araneae: Uloboridae).
Many species described in the past have lacked a complete description a thing that led to misidentification and to describe the already described species as new species. A detailed analysis of the Indian spider species Uloborus danolius resulted in the synonymization with Zosis geniculata because of its misidentification.
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Kashmeera, N.A. & Sharma, I. pp. 365-372.
Dominance structure and guild composition of spider assemblages in the Purna Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India.
Purna Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area situated in the northern most tip of one of the hottest hotspots – Western Ghats. Knowledge of the biodiversity structure of such important areas is essential for conservation planning and management. Besides being an excellent indicator of species diversity and health of terrestrial ecosystems, spiders still remain almost a neglected group of animals in conservation point of view. Aim of this paper is to study the dominance structure and guild composition of spiders of Purna Wildlife Sanctuary, as these compositions indicate the quality of biodiversity of this protected area. Dominance structure was measured using Tischler’s scale and guild structure analysis that was done based on ecological attributes of each spider family. Eudominant species in Purna Wildlife Sanctuary was found to be Argiope pulchella (Family Araneidae). Dominant guild was Orbweb weavers. This paper also attempts to update the spider diversity in Purna Wildlife Sanctuary.
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Manthen, S. & Hippargi, R. pp. 373-377.
First record of male spider Coscinida tibialis Simon, 1895 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Solapur, Maharashtra, India.
The first record of the male of Coscinida tibialis is reported from India, based on male specimens collected from pomegranate orchard in Aran village, Solapur, Maharashtra State. The validation of species is based on illustrations of both male and female genitalia.
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Türkeş, T., Ballı, Z.D. & Seyyar, O. pp. 378-381.
First record of Amaurobius strandi (Araneae: Amaurobiidae) from Türkiye.
The amaurobiid spider species Amaurobius strandi Charitonov, 1937 is recorded for the first time from Türkiye. Its characteristic features and photographs are presented. This new record increases the total number of species of family Amaurobiidae in Türkiye to six species.
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Atlı, E., Türkeş, T. & Seyyar, O. pp. 382-384.
New locality record of Clubiona frutetorum L. Koch, 1867 (Araneae: Clubionidae) in Türkiye.
Clubiona frutetorum L. Koch, 1867 is known from only one locality in Türkiye. In this study, we could find this species from a new locality to add it to its distribution in Anatolia. Its general habitus and female genitalia are illustrated.
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Atlı, E.,
Türkeş, T. & Seyyar, O. pp. 385-387.
Leviellus kochi (Thorell, 1870) (Araneae: Phonognathidae) is a new record in Türkiye.
The phonognathid spider species Leviellus kochi (Thorell, 1870) is reported for the first time from Türkiye. Its general habitus and genitalia are illustrated. Brief description and collecting data of this species are also given.
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Türkeş, T. pp. 388-390.
Tegenaria pseudolyncea (Guseinov,
Marusik & Koponen, 2005) (Araneae: Agelenidae) is a new record for Turkish spider fauna.
The agelenid spider species Tegenaria pseudolyncea (Guseinov, Marusik & Koponen, 2005) is reported for the first time from Türkiye. The morphological characters and palpal organ of this species were photographed. The locality record where the species was collected is indicated on a map.
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Mousaid, M. &
Bouihouline, H. pp. 391-397.
First
record of Hersilia caudata Savigny, 1825, Tama edwardsi (Lucas,
1846) (Hersiliidae) and Mimetus laevigatus (Keyserling, 1863)
(Mimetidae) from Morocco.
This is the first record of three species of spiders: Hersilia caudata Savigny, 1825, Tama edwardsi (Lucas, 1846) (Hersiliidae Thorell, 1869) and Mimetus laevigatus (Keyserling, 1863) (Mimetidae Simon, 1881) from Beni Mellal, Morocco, based on 7 female specimens: 2♀♀ of H. caudata and 2♀♀ of M. laevigatus collected from 2 olive groves, and 3♀♀ of T. edwardsi collected on calcareous rock formations in the Beni Mellal mountains.
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Ythier, E. & Audibert, C. pp. 398-411.
A new species of Pandinus
Thorell, 1876 from the Sahelian wooded steppes of Burkina Faso (Scorpiones:
Scorpionidae).
A new species of the genus Pandinus Thorell, 1876 is described on the basis of six males and three females collected in the Sahelian wooded steppes of Burkina Faso. The new species is mainly characterized by a small size, a reduced pectinal tooth count, a length to depth ratio of fourth metasomal segment lower than 2, a number of ventral trichobothria on pedipalp patella lower than 30, tergites and internal face of pedipalp chela almost smooth and chela manus paler than body. The new taxon described here raises the number of currently recognized species for the genus Pandinus to five and the number of known scorpion species in Burkina Faso to eight.
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Coşar, İ & Danışman, T. pp. 412-414.
Ozyptila rigida (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872), a new crab spider record
from Türkiye (Araneae: Thomisidae).
This short paper reports a thomisid species which is new for the Turkish araneofauna. The characteristic features and photographs of Ozyptila rigida (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) are presented in addition to its distribution map.
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Danışman, T. & Coşar, İ. pp. 415-418.
Walckenaeria plumata Millidge, 1979 (Araneae: Linyphiidae) in Türkiye.
Walckenaeria plumata Millidge, 1979 of family Linyphiidae is recorded from Türkiye for the first time. Its characteristic features and photographs are presented in addition to their distribution map.
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El-Hennawy, H.K. pp. 419-426.
Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820) in Jordan (Araneae: Sicariidae), with updated list of the known records of spiders from Jordan.
Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820) of family Sicariidae is recorded from Jordan for the first time. Only one adult male specimen of this species was collected in November 2011 inside a house in Amman, Jordan. This is the first record of family Sicariidae too. Its illustrations and measurements are presented.
An updated list of the known records of spiders from Jordan is presented too. The list includes 17 families, 31 genera, and 36 species of spiders in Jordan.
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Abstracts Volume 20
Part 1, December 2023
Lourenço, W.R. pp. 1-10.
The
remarkable micro-scorpion genus Microbuthus
Kraepelin, 1898 in North Africa; description of a new species with comments on
its biogeography and ecology (Scorpiones: Buthidae).
A new species, Microbuthus saharicus sp. n., is described from the inland deserts of Mauritania; it represents the first exception to the general coastal distribution observed in the species of this genus. With this new description, the total number of known species in Africa is increased to five. The disrupted peri-Saharan pattern of distribution presented by the group is however confirmed. Some comments are also added on the biogeography and ecology of the species.
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Mousaid, M. & Bouihouline, H. pp. 11-17.
Plexippus
C.L.
Koch, 1846: a new genus for the Moroccan araneofauna (Araneae: Salticidae).
This is the first record of genus Plexippus C.L. Koch, 1846 from Morocco through the records of two species: Plexippus devorans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) based on three male specimens collected from Tinghir (southeastern Morocco) and Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1825) based on three specimens (two males from Beni Mellal, and one single female from Fez).
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Sherwood,
D. & El-Hennawy, H.K. pp. 18-19.
Stegodyphus semadohensis
Deshmukh,
2013 is a nomen nudum (Araneae: Eresidae).
Stegodyphus semadohensis Deshmukh, 2013 is a nomen nudum. according to Article 16.4.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
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Kunt, K.B., Yağmur, E.A.
& Özkütük, R.S. pp. 20-25.
Harpactea umay sp. n., a new
spider species from Türkiye (Araneae: Dysderidae).
Harpactea umay sp. n. is described based on both sexes from Türkiye. The new species belongs to the rubicunda species group as defined by Deeleman-Reinhold in 1993 and is closely related to H. bilecenoglui Kunt & Özkütük, 2023, H. elvericii Kunt & Özkütük, 2023 and H. sanctaeinsulae Brignoli, 1978.
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Abdel-Ghani,
D.M.A., Hassan, M.F. & Sallam, G.M.E. pp. 26-38.
Spiders as a bio-agent factor in a Mango greenhouse at Giza
Governorate, Egypt.
Spiders were collected from Mango greenhouse at Giza Governorate. There were 27 species belonging to 13 families found on ground and 11 species belonging to 6 families found on foliage. There were 22 species recorded as new locality records of Giza governorate and one species as a new record in Egypt, i.e. Theridion hannoniae. From these species, there are two species in terms of toxicity: Loxosceles rufescens and Latrodectus geometricus. Most families found on mango trees do not spin webs to catch their prey, they are active hunter spiders: Dysderidae, Gnaphosidae, Lycosidae, Oonopidae, Philodromidae, Salticidae, and Cheiracanthiidae. These families play an important role in reducing the pest below the economic threshold level, whereas their predators are more specialised and good hunters. Photos of external genitalia of several species are added to facilitate identification.
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Patil, S.R. pp. 39-57.
DNA barcode and phylogenetic analysis for the araneid spider Neoscona theisi (Walckenaer, 1841) (Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae) from India.
Present study reports the orb-weaver spider Neoscona theisi (Walckenaer, 1841) from the Northern Western Ghats, India with its DNA barcode studies and a preliminary phylogenetic analysis. Although the species is taxonomically well established with wide range of distribution, DNA barcode with verifiable voucher specimen in a National Repositories are wanting. In the data driven era and metabarcoding, DNA barcode library with verifiable voucher specimens are crucial. In the present account taxonomic account of the species is revisited, along with DNA barcode and discussion are made on the utility of DNA barcodes and reference barcode library.
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Part 2, May 2024
Lourenço, W.R. & Ythier, E. pp. 58-67.
A new African species of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 from Mali (Scorpiones: Buthidae).
A new species of Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 is described on the basis of one male specimen collected in the mountain system of Adrar des Iforas, Cercle of Kidal, in Mali. The new species, Leiurus tamajeq sp. n. is most certainly associated to Leiurus hoggarensis, described from the Hoggar mountain system in Algeria, both species presenting an almost parapatric geographic distribution. Nevertheless, these closed related mountain systems have been isolated during past palaeoclimatic vicissitudes leading to possible differentiation processes. The two species can be distinguished by a number of morphological characters which clearly suggest that the new species population is distinct from the one found in the Hoggar mountain system. Differences are noticeable notably for morphometric values as well as the relative position of several trichobothria. As for L. hoggarensis, the new species seems to inhabit a more mesic zone when compared to the central compartment of the Saharan desert and, apparently, do not present characteristics of a psamophilic species and may be considered as a lithophilic species.
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Biswas, V. pp. 68-72.
A new species of jumping spider genus Harmochirus Simon, 1886 from Bangladesh (Araneae: Salticidae: Harmochirinae).
A new jumping spider species, Harmochirus maijdiensis sp. n. of the family Salticidae is described from the southern coastal area of Bangladesh. Brief generic diagnosis, and distribution are provided together with the description of the species.
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Kumari, N., Kumari, V., Bodhke, A.K. & Zafri, A.H. pp. 73-77.
New species of genus Peucetia Thorell, 1869 (Araneae: Oxyopidae) from India.
A female of new species of genus Peucetia Thorell, 1869 from family Oxyopidae with description of Peucetia chhaparajnirvin sp. n. from Tal Chhapar Wildlife Sanctuary, Churu, Rajasthan, India. The new species is first time described, diagnosed and illustrated.
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Mousaid, M. & Tang, V. pp. 78-92.
Review of the distribution of Androctonus amoreuxi (Audouin, 1825) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Morocco.
This is a brief synoptic review of Androctonus amoreuxi (Audouin, 1825) in Morocco. A summary of its morphological description is provided. Five new localities of this species in Morocco from Errachidia (1 station) and Tinghir (4 stations) provinces are reported, substantiated by photos of live specimens observed therein. Based on previous ecological study of this species, with its observation records on iNaturalist and geographical references from satellite images, we suggest that A. amoreuxi may spread more widely in the extreme southern Morocco, a Saharan area with vast arid regions of suitable ecological conditions for its dispersal, into the north of Mauritania. An updated distribution map of this species in Morocco is provided as per these new records and previous studies. Finally, after comparing its morphology with its congeners, we urge a more systematic review of this species giving the ambiguity of its true identity and the likelihood of being a species-complex comprising three cryptic lineages.
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Touloun, O., Elmourid, A. & Bouimeja, B. pp. 93-105.
Overview of the scorpion fauna of Morocco (Arachnida: Scorpiones).
Morocco hosts one of the most abundant and diverse scorpion faunas in North Africa and the Mediterranean region. This scorpion fauna is notable for marked endemism and medical significance, as it encompasses species confirmed to pose a danger to humans. The present study serves as a synthesis of the knowledge gathered regarding the inventory of this scorpion fauna from previously published works. The current checklist of this scorpion fauna includes 68 species and subspecies distributed across 12 genera and two families.
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Coşar, İ., Danışman, T. & Birer, E. pp. 106-110.
Discovery of the alien spider Erigone dentosa O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 (Araneae: Linyphiidae) in Türkiye.
This short paper reports one linyphiid species new to the Turkish araneo-fauna. Characteristic features and photographs of Erigone dentosa O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 are presented. Its presence represents the easternmost boundary of this species in Europe.
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Danışman, T., Coşar, V. & Erdek, M. pp. 111-115.
Titanoeca flavicoma L. Koch, 1872 (Araneae: Titanoecidae) in Türkiye.
This short paper reports a titanoecid species new to the araneofauna of Türkiye, Titanoeca flavicoma L. Koch, 1872. Its morphology is briefly described and illustrated. The distribution of this species in Türkiye is also mapped.
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Demircan Aksan, N. & Batur, Z. pp. 116-118.
A new record of genus Turkozelotes from Türkiye (Araneae: Gnaphosidae).
A new record of genus Turkozelotes Kovblyuk & Seyyar, 2009, Turkozelotes mccowani (Chatzaki & Russell-Smith, 2017), is identified as a new record for the Turkish araneofauna. Its morphology is briefly described and illustrated.
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Seyyar, O. & Demir, H. pp. 119-121.
New locality record of Raveniola anadolu Zonstein, Kunt & Yağmur, 2018 (Araneae: Nemesiidae) in Türkiye.
Raveniola anadolu Zonstein, Kunt & Yağmur, 2018 is known from only one locality in Türkiye. In this study, we found this species in a new locality to expand its distribution in Anatolia. Its general habitus and male genitalia are illustrated.
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Seyyar, O. & Demir, H. pp. 122-124.
Additional information on Hersiliola bayrami Danişman, Sancak, Erdek & Coşar, 2012
Araneae: Hersiliidae) in Türkiye.
Hersiliola bayrami Danişman, Sancak, Erdek & Coşar, 2012 is known from only one locality in Türkiye. In this study, we collect this species from new localities in southern Anatolia. Its general habitus and male genitalia are illustrated.
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Zouatine, O., Bissati, S. & Sadine, S.E. pp. 125-130.
Two cases of malformation in the scorpion genus Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 from Central Algeria (Scorpiones: Buthidae).
This note concerns two cases of Androctonus species recently sampled from Ghardaïa region (Central Algeria). A remarkable malformation of one chela in Androctonus amoreuxi (Audouin, 1825) and a case of an enlargement of one chelicera in Androctonus australis (Linnaeus, 1758).
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Etriieki, A.M.O., Elmareme, H.M.A. & Alfiteesi, F.A.M. pp. 131-135.
The first record of the spider Segestria florentina (Rossi, 1790) (Araneae: Segestriidae) in Libya.
The genus Segestria Latreille, 1804 and the species Segestria florentina (Rossi, 1790) are recorded in Libya for the first time, based on a single adult female specimen.
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Najim, S.A., Al-Yacoub, G.A.A. & Odah, T.K. pp. 136-140.
First record of the genus Larinioides Caporiacco, 1934 (Araneae: Araneidae) from Eastern Hammar Marsh, Basrah Province, southern Iraq.
The genus Larinioides Caporiacco, 1934 is recorded in Iraq for the first time. Males and females of Larinioides suspicax (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876) were collected from eastern Hammar marsh, Basrah Province, south of Iraq. Illustrations of palps and epigyne of the species, and a map of the specimens collecting location are provided.
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Abdalrazzaq, R.K. & Najim, S.A. pp. 141-146.
Two new records of gnaphosid spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Eastern Al-Hammar marsh south of Iraq.
The genus Cryptodrassus Miller, 1943 and Zelotes laetus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872), are recorded for the first time from Eastern AL-Hammar marsh, Basra province south of Iraq. Males of Zelotes laetus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) and females of Cryptodrassus helvolus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) were identified and photographed. Illustrations of palp and epigyne of the species and the map of specimens collecting location are provided.
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Kulkarni, D., Laharia, R. & Hadole, P. pp. 147-158.
Two new records of gnaphosid spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Eastern Al-Hammar marsh south of Iraq.
Though house gardens are essential for biodiversity conservation studies, few surveys exist, so documenting different life-form entities seems indispensable. This recognition needs to be backed by surveys from various house gardens. A six-month preliminary study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021, comprising 12 surveys twice a month at each selected house garden with mixed cropping incorporating vegetables, fruits, plantation crops, spices, herbs, and ornamental as well as medicinal plants. Around 2765 specimens from 44 genera belonging to 16 families were registered. The survey confirms the role of house gardens in diversity conservation and spiders as predators. Araneids, lycosids, thomisids, and salticids were predominant in the spider community, evidencing the importance of house gardens in spider diversity. The results are an essential input for the regional data collection of spiders. Planning and managing the city's green spaces from a diversity perspective would be possible with knowledge of biodiversity and its dynamics.
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Novruzov, N.E. pp. 159-172.
Differences in the morphometric and life-history
parameters of sympatric galeodids (Solifugae) of the Lesser Caucasus.
Data on size characters are obtained as a result of studying samples of four sympatric species of solpugids Galeodes araneoides, Galeodes armeniacus, Galeodes caspius, and Galeodes nachitschevanicus. Data on bioecology parameters are taken from literature. Interspecific and intersexual differences in size characters were revealed. A wide range of correlations between size traits and the main life-history parameters of species is shown. The variability of size characters in different species and sexual groups is presumably due to the specific use of environmental conditions and the differentiated role of each sex in reproductive activity.
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El-Hennawy, H.K., Sallam, G.M.E., Abd El-Azim, N.A.I. & Abul Fadl, H.A.A. pp. 173-182.
First description of the female of Odontodrassus aravaensis from Egypt (Araneae: Gnaphosidae).
The female of the gnaphosid spider species Odontodrassus aravaensis Levy, 1999 is recorded for the first time from Egypt. This species is known from three countries based on male specimens only. The general habitus and genitalia of both male and female of this species are illustrated. Notes on the description, habitat, and collecting data of this species are also given.
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Pandey, P., Jena, S.K.,
Mohapatra, P.P. & Das, S.K. pp. 183-199.
An overview on diversity and distribution of scorpion
fauna in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, Central India with four new records
from Chhattisgarh.
The present study provides a detailed checklist of the scorpion fauna of Central India and their distribution on the Indian subcontinent. The study brings four new records from the state of Chhattisgarh along with their morphology.
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El-Hennawy, H.K. pp. 200-203.
Steatoda paykulliana (Walckenaer, 1806) in Jordan (Araneae: Theridiidae).
Steatoda paykulliana (Walckenaer, 1806) of family Theridiidae is recorded from Amman, Jordan for the first time. Only one adult female specimen of this species was collected in May 2024 inside a shop in Amman. Its illustrations and measurements are presented.
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Part 3, November 2024
Lourenço, W.R. & Ythier, E. pp. 205-214.
A new contribution to the genus Opisthacanthus Peters, 1861 and in particular to the African species of the subgenus Nepabellus Francke, 1974 with the description of a new species from Mozambique (Scorpiones: Hormuridae).
A new species of Hormuridae scorpion belonging to the genus Opisthacanthus and to the subgenus Nepabellus is described based on specimens collected in dry forests located in the North of Mozambique. This contribution is the first one to the African species of the genus and subgenus in more than two decades.
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Yağmur, E.A. & Badry, A. pp. 215-229.
Description of a neotype of Scorpio palmatus (Ehrenberg,
1828) (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae).
Scorpio palmatus (Ehrenberg, 1828) is redescribed based on the male neotype and a female specimen from northern Egypt. Illustrations prepared under white and UV lights and measurements are given.
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Yağmur,
E.A. & Badry, A. pp. 230-235.
First record of Scorpio jordanensis from Syria (Scorpiones:
Scorpionidae).
Scorpio jordanensis Abu Afifeh et al., 2024 is recently described from Jordan. Now, it is recorded from Syria. Its illustrations and measurements are given.
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Yağmur, E.A., Mozaffari,
N., Akbari, A. & Moradi, M. pp. 236-256.
Contributions to the scorpion fauna of Iran. Part
III. Records of genus Orthochirus Karsch, 1891 (Arachnida: Scorpiones:
Buthidae).
New locality records are given belonging to Orthochirus carinatus Navidpour, Kovařík, Soleglad & Fet, 2019 (Alborz Province), O. farzanpayi (Vachon & Farzanpay, 1987) (Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and Lorestan Provinces), O. formozovi Kovařík, Fet & Yağmur, 2020 (Razavi Khorasan Province), O. gantenbeini Kovařík, Yağmur, Fet & Hussen, 2019 (Lorestan Province), O. iranus Kovařík, 2004 (Bushehr and Khuzestan Provinces), O. kucerai Kovařík & Navidpour, 2020 (Kerman Province), O. mesopotamicus Birula, 1918 (Khuzestan Province), O. navidpouri Kovařík, Yağmur, Fet & Hussen, 2019 (Ilam, Khuzestan and Lorestan Provinces), O. stockwelli (Lourenço & Vachon, 1995) (Fars and Hormozgan Provinces), O. varius Kovařík, 2004 (Fars and Kerman Provinces), O. vignolii Kovařík & Navidpour, 2020 (Yazd Province) and O. zagrosensis Kovařík, 2004 (Fars, Isfahan and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Provinces) in this study. Among them following records are new province records: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and Lorestan for O. farzanpayi; Lorestan for O. gantenbeini; Ilam O. navidpouri; Fars for O. stockwelli; Fars and Kerman for O. varius and Isfahan for O. zagrosensis. Also, maps are prepared including new and old distributional localities and coloured habitus pictures of reported species of Orthochirus in this study.
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Ait Hammou, M., Dahmani, W., Cheddad, A., El Bouhissi, M., Feghoul, M.A., Benali, N., Boukhours, H., Rebbas, K., Bakel, A., Chelghoum, H., Tahri, D., Boussmaha, C., Nouar, I.E., Ziani, C.S.M.., Khacheb, Z., Megharbi, K. & Sadine, S.E. pp. 257-265.
On current distribution of Androctonus aeneas Koch, 1839 in Algeria (Scorpiones: Buthidae).
This work concerns a new consideration on the geographical distribution of Androctonus aeneas C.L. Koch, 1839 (Scorpiones) in Algeria. Historically, this species occupied the central band of Algeria, from Tébessa and Khenchela in the east, through Batna in the Belezma mountains, to Naâma in the west. Recent surveys by young researchers have noted an expansion of the range of this scorpion not only in the geographic distribution area predicted for this species by Lourenço et al. (2015) but also towards western Algeria (Aïn Témouchent, Sabdou, El Bayadh and Saïda) and towards the southwest of Algeria in Naâma and Béchar. These new data may enrich the understanding of this potentially dangerous species, but also to the known area of scorpion envenomation risk.
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Erdek, M. & Yağmur,
E.A. pp. 266-274.
External morphological assessment of tarsal sensilla on
the forelegs of solifuges (Arachnida: Solifugae).
The external morphology and distribution of the tarsal sensilla and other epicuticular structures on 1st pair of legs of five species from five different families of solifuges were examined using scanning electron microscopy: Gluviopsilla discolor (Kraepelin, 1899) (Daesiidae), Galeodes toelgi Werner, 1922 (Galeodidae), Gylippus (Paragylippus) hakkaricus Erdek, 2019 (Gylippidae), Karschia (Karschia) mastigofera Birula, 1890 (Karschiidae), Rhagoderma tricolor Roewer, 1941 (Rhagodidae). The many forms of setae, sensilla, and epicuticular protrusions were characterised, as well as the potential mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors activities.
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Shafaie, S. & Pekár,
S. pp. 275-280.
First record of Zodarion from the spinibarbe group in Spain
(Araneae: Zodariidae).
Zodarion sp. from the spinibarbe group has been newly recorded in Spain. Previously, this species group was only known from eastern Mediterranean countries. Therefore, its presence in Iberia represents the westernmost occurrence recorded for this group. Further details are discussed in this paper.
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Hu, C. pp. 281-287.
First record of Spheropistha melanosoma Yaginuma,
1957 (Araneae: Theridiidae: Argyrodinae) from China, with a new combination.
A new record species from China is proposed: Spheropistha melanosoma Yaginuma, 1957, based on specimens collected from Guanshan National Nature Reserve of Jiangxi Province. A new combination is proposed: Spheropistha incursus (Gray & Anderson, 1989) comb. nov. is transferred from the genus Argyrodes Simon, 1864.
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Singh, R., Singh, B.B. & Sharma, A. pp. 288-310.
Checklist of aphidophagous spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) in India.
Checklist of biodiversity of the aphidophagous spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) that play a vital role in natural control of insect population in all terrestrial ecosystems, in different states and the union territories of India is presented herewith along with their prey (aphid) species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) infesting different food plants. A total of 79 species of spiders were recorded as aphidophagous in 20 states/union territories of India belonging to 16 families, Araneidae being the largest one comprising 18 species under 9 genera followed by Thomisidae (12 species in 9 genera) and Salticidae (11 species in 10 genera). All these spiders prey on 53 species of aphids infesting 59 species of plants. Maximum 32 species of spiders accept Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877 as prey followed by Aphis (Aphis) craccivora Koch, 1854 (23 spider species of spiders) and Lipaphis (Lipaphis) erysimi (Kaltenbach, 1843) (12 spider species).
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Choudhury, S.R., Nirmalkar, Y., Singh, A.K. &
Anand, A. pp. 311-334.
Spider fauna of Chhattisgarh: An updated checklist of
spiders of Chhattisgarh, India with new additions.
Spiders are one of the diverse groups of arachnids having more than 52,300 valid species worldwide. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the diversity and distribution of spider species in Chhattisgarh, India. The research combines field observations and a thorough analysis of published literature and documented a total of 222 spider species from 96 genera of 23 families from the state of Chhattisgarh. The family Araneidae exhibited the highest species richness, with 49 species, followed by the families Thomisidae and Gnaphosidae which represented 32 and 31 species respectively. In the present study, 69 spider species have been documented, out of which 41 were previously unrecorded from the state. The findings of this research highlight the limited knowledge regarding spider distribution and diversity in Chhattisgarh. Several spider families have yet to be documented in the region. It is crucial to conduct in-depth surveys to comprehensively document the spider fauna in Chhattisgarh. Photographs of some important spider species found in Chhattisgarh are presented too in an appendix.
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Türkeş, T. pp. 335-337.
New record of Centromerita concinna (Thorell, 1875) (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from
Türkiye.
Centromerita concinna (Thorell, 1875) is recorded for the first time from Türkiye. Digital photographs and a map of distribution record of C. concinna are provided. Description and collecting data of this species are also given.
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Türkeş, T. pp. 338-340.
Piratula hurkai (Buchar, 1966) (Araneae:
Lycosidae) is a new record for Turkish spider fauna.
The lycosid spider species Piratula hurkai (Buchar, 1966) is reported for the first time from Türkiye. The habitus and palpal organ of this species were photographed. The locality record where the species was collected is indicated on a map.
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Demir, H. pp. 341-349.
Overview of endemic spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) in Türkiye.
The endemic spiders of Türkiye comprises 193 species belonging to 25 families, they represent nearly 15% of all spider species of Türkiye. The largest number of endemic species is found in the Dysderidae with 52 species. Also, Macrothelidae and Hersiliidae are 100% endemic. Genus Harpactea has the highest endemism with 28 species. The largest number of endemic species is distributed in northern and southern parts of Türkiye. The largest number of endemic species in Türkiye was mainly distributed in caves. Some remarks on conservation of endemic spiders were also added.
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Demir,
H. pp. 350-358.
The genera: Bassaniodes, Psammitis, Spiracme, and Xysticus
(Araneae: Thomisidae) in Türkiye.
A list of 49 species of the thomisid spider genera Bassaniodes, Psammitis, Spiracme, and Xysticus known from Türkiye is reviewed based on both published records available to the author and his original data. The main aim of this work is to clarify current status of the members of these genera in Türkiye. Provinces and general distribution of all species are also given.
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Demircan
Aksan, N. & Topçu, A. pp. 359-361.
New record of genus Micaria from Türkiye (Araneae: Gnaphosidae).
A new record of the genus Micaria Westring, 1851, Micaria silesiaca L. Koch, 1875, is identified as a new record for the Turkish araneofauna. Its morphology is briefly described and illustrated.
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Sawers, M.A.R., El-Bishlawy, S.M.O.,
Hassan, M.F. & Sallam, G.M.E. pp. 362-366.
Notes on the life cycle of Theridion jordanense Levy & Amitai, 1982
(Araneae: Theridiidae).
Several spider taxa are specialized to prey on insects and mites. Theridion jordanense Levy & Amitai, 1982 (Theridiidae) used to found among Pomegranate trees (Punica granatum) cultivated in the experimental station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza Governorate, Egypt. Its life cycle was studied under laboratory conditions of 25±2°C and 65±5% R.H. in September, 2018. Males reached maturity after four spiderlings (158.9±1.8 days), and females passed through five spiderlings (212.5±1.2 days). All different spiderlings were reared on the movable stages of two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae C.L. Koch, 1836. Food consumption was also studied.
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El-Hennawy, H.K.
pp. 367-371.
Pterotricha dalmasi Fage, 1929 in Jordan (Araneae: Gnaphosidae).
Pterotricha dalmasi Fage, 1929 of family Gnaphosidae is recorded from Wadi Rum, Jordan. Only one adult male specimen of this species was found in May 2024 inside a tent in Wadi Rum. Its illustrations and measurements are presented. It is the second record of this species from Jordan. The first record was from a place near Ma'an. Four nomina dubia of Pterotricha species are proposed.
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Part 4, May 2025
Lourenço, W.R. & Wilmé, L. pp.
373-382.
A new species of Microcharmus Lourenço, 1995 (Scorpiones:
Microcharmidae) from extremely dry areas of Central-West Madagascar.
A new species of humicolous buthoid scorpion belonging to the genus Microcharmus is described on the basis of a single specimen collected in a dry bush formation in the region of Cap Saint André, Central-West Madagascar. The habitat of the new species represents one of the driest environments documented for the genus. New considerations are proposed on the ecology and biogeography of this endemic Malagasy group of scorpions, which appears to be restricted to dry and wet forest formations in the northern and northwestern portions of the island. Some comments are also added about their possible evolution of these scorpions from endogenous to epigean environments.
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Ythier, E. &
Ullrich, A. pp. 383-392.
A new species of Compsobuthus Vachon, 1949 from Saudi Arabia
(Scorpiones: Buthidae).
A new species of Compsobuthus Vachon, 1949 is described on the basis of one female and three males collected in Al Buraikah, Al Ula Governorate, north of Al Madinah Province, in north-western Saudi Arabia. This new scorpion taxon represents the 57th known species of the genus Compsobuthus and the 8th reported from Saudi Arabia. A geographical distribution map of the type localities of the Compsobuthus species occurring in the region is presented.
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Yağmur, E.A. & Badry, A. pp. 393-403.
On the morphology of Orthochirus innesi Simon, 1910 (Scorpiones:
Buthidae) with some ecological observations.
The scorpion Orthochirus innesi Simon, 1910 is redescribed based on specimens collected from its type locality, Cairo, Egypt. Detailed colour illustrations and UV-light-illuminated photographs are provided.
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Novruzov, N.E. pp. 404-413.
Long-term dynamics of number, habitat-related distribution of Galeodes araneoides (Pallas, 1772)
(Solifugae: Galeodidae) in the foothills south-eastern slopes of the Greater
Caucasus.
Based on the analysis of annual censuses data of the occurrence of solifuge Galeodes araneoides in the foothills of the south-eastern slopes of the Greater Caucasus, cyclically changing dynamics of number and age-sex composition, with periods of decline, rise and depression varying in duration and amplitude were determined. A change in the ratio of males and females of solifuges was noted towards an increase in the number of males, and a change in the ratio of adults and juveniles towards a decrease in young individuals. Uneven distribution of solifuges in different habitats, depending on the microrelief of the landscape, soil type, number and type of shelters, area and density of vegetation was noted. In general, periods of decline and rise in the number of solifuges, changes in their sex-age ratio reflect the influence of a complex of abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic factors on their fertility and survival, with the influence of the anthropogenic factor prevailing.
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Biswas, V. pp. 414-421.
Jumping spiders of Bangladesh: Genus Phintella
Strand, 1906 (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini).
A study of some jumping spiders of genus Phintella Strand was carried out from Khulna, Bangladesh. Two species are recorded in this study of which P. bidentata sp. n. is described as new to science and another one P. vittata Strand is a new locality record for the area of the present study. Brief generic diagnosis and distribution are provided together with the description of the species.
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Rao, K, Bodkhe, A.
& Kanaujia, A. pp. 422-426.
Description of a new species of the genus Habrocestum Simon, 1876 (Araneae: Salticidae) from Chikhaldara,
Maharashtra, India.
Newly recorded spider species of genus Habrocestum is found in Chikhaldara, Dist. Amravati, Maharashtra, India. The spider genus is identified using references of the World Spider Catalog. In India, there are nine species of Habrocestum reported till now. The present study describes a new species, Habrocestum chikhaldarensis sp. n., from Chikhaldara, Maharashtra, India.
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Diksha, Singh,
V.K., Siliwal, M. & Das, S.K. pp. 427-431.
First record of Hersilia nepalensis M. Baehr & B. Baehr, 1993
(Araneae: Hersiliidae) from India.
The two tailed spider species, Hersilia nepalensis M. Baehr & B. Baehr, 1993 was previously reported from Nepal. In this paper, we report this species for the first time from India based on a female specimen from Delhi.
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Seyyar, O. &
Demir, H. pp. 432-434.
New locality record of Prodidomus amaranthinus (Lucas, 1846)
(Araneae: Gnaphosidae) in Türkiye.
Prodidomus amaranthinus (Lucas, 1846) is known from the Mediterranean region of Türkiye. In this study, we collect this species from new locality in Aegean region of Türkiye. General habitus and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated.
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Kara, C., Demir, H.
& Seyyar, O. pp. 435-438.
New locality record of Eresus lavrosii Mcheidze, 1997 (Araneae:
Eresidae) in Anatolia.
Eresus lavrosii Mcheidze, 1997 is known in Türkiye only from the Kars province, eastern of Türkiye. In this study, we could find this species from a new locality in Central Anatolia of Türkiye. General habitus and male genitalia of this species are illustrated.
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Coşar, İ., Danışman, T. & Yağmur, E.A. pp. 439-442.
First report of Haplodrassus tegulatus
(Schenkel, 1963) (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) in Türkiye.
This study reports one gnaphosid species record for the Turkish araneo-fauna. The characteristic features and photographs of Haplodrassus tegulatus (Schenkel, 1963) are presented. The distribution of this species in Türkiye is also mapped.
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Karakuş, A., Oldorff, E., Coşar, V. & Kunt, K.B. pp.443-447.
About the presence of Steatoda maura (Simon, 1909) in Türkiye
(Araneae: Theridiidae).
Steatoda maura (Simon, 1909) was previously recorded from Türkiye based on a subadult specimen. Now, an adult male and a subadult female were collected from İzmir province in the Aegean region of Türkiye. The presence of the species in Türkiye is confirmed and a point record is given. In addition, habitus photographs of the female and photographs and drawing of the male's copulatory organs are included.
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El-Rayani, S. pp. 448-452.
A seven-legged theraphosid spider: appendicular teratology in Nhandu
coloratovillosus (Schmidt, 1998) (Araneae: Theraphosidae).
A seven-legged specimen of the theraphosid Nhandu coloratovillosus (Schmidt, 1998) is reported and documented with photographs. It is a rare case of congenital anomaly.
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